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To experience/undergo significant changes [verb]
trải qua những thay đổi đáng kể (The salmon undergo significant changes throughout their life cycle.)
To pass through three distinct physical stages [verb]
trải qua ba giai đoạn vật lý khác nhau (Many insects pass through three distinct physical stages before adulthood.)
To lay a couple of / a massive number of eggs [verb]
đẻ một vài / một số lượng lớn trứng (The female salmon chooses the best spot in rivers and lays a massive number of eggs.)
To begin life as eggs [verb]
bắt đầu cuộc sống là những trái trứng (Most amphibians begin life as eggs laid in water.)
To hatch within 3 to 5 days [verb]
nở trong vòng 3 đến 5 ngày (Under warm conditions, the eggs hatch within 3 to 5 days.)
To hatch into… [verb]
nở thành con gì (The eggs hatch into tiny larvae after a few days.)
The hatching process [noun]
quá trình nở (The hatching process usually takes several hours.)
To be … cm in length / to be … cm long [adj]
dài … cm (At this stage, the young fish are only a few cm in length.)
To vary in size/colours/shapes [verb]
đa dạng về kích thước / màu sắc / hình dạng (Butterflies vary in size and colours depending on the species.)
To be termed… / to be commonly called… [verb]
được gọi chung là … (At this young stage, they are commonly called tadpoles.)
To grow to adult size / grow to maturity / turn into an adult / become fully-grown adults [verb]
tăng trưởng thành kích thước trưởng thành / tới giai đoạn trưởng thành (The salmon continue their cycle until they become fully-grown adults.)
To make it to the adult stage [verb]
đạt tới giai đoạn trưởng thành (Only a small percentage of eggs make it to the adult stage.)
To emerge / appear [verb]
xuất hiện (After weeks of development, the adult insect emerges from the chrysalis.)
Feeding grounds [noun]
khu vực kiếm ăn (The ocean serves as rich feeding grounds for the migrating fish.)
To feed on… [verb]
ăn cái gì (The young larvae feed on leaf surfaces.)
External gills / internal gills [noun]
cái mang bên ngoài / cái mang bên trong (Tadpoles rely on external gills to breathe underwater initially.)
To grow the hind legs / the front legs [verb]
mọc chân sau / chân trước (As it develops, the tadpole begins to grow the hind legs first.)
To grow quickly in size / double in size [verb]
phát triển nhanh chóng về kích thước / kích thước gấp đôi (In the next stage, the fish grow quickly in size and move downstream.)
To shed their old skin / shed their outer layer [verb]
thay da cũ / thay lớp ngoài của chúng (As caterpillars grow, they shed their outer layer multiple times.)
To moult several times [verb]
thay lông / lột xác vài lần (The insect larva will moult several times before pupating.)
To breathe underwater [verb]
hít thở dưới nước (Tadpoles use gills to breathe underwater.)
To make mass migration across long distances [verb]
thực hiện di cư hàng loạt với khoảng cách dài (Many bird species make mass migration across long distances every autumn.)
The cycle repeats itself / starts again [phrase]
chu kỳ lặp lại / bắt đầu lại (Once eggs are laid, the life cycle repeats itself.)
The life cycle takes / lasts … days/weeks/… [verb]
vòng đời kéo dài …. ngày / tuần / … (The entire life cycle lasts about four weeks.)
After … days/weeks of development [phrase]
sau … ngày / tuần phát triển (After two weeks of development, the young fish emerge.)
To normally live for … to … weeks/months/years [verb]
thường sống từ … đến … tuần / tháng / năm (Adult salmon normally live for two to three years in the ocean.)
Over the course of … days/weeks [phrase]
trong bao nhiêu ngày / tuần (Over the course of three weeks, the caterpillar doubles in size.)
To be covered with… [verb]
được che phủ, bao phủ bởi … (The eggs are covered with a protective layer.)
To build their nests in trees / on the ground [verb]
xây dựng tổ của chúng trên cây / trên mặt đất (Many bird species build their nests in trees to protect their eggs.)
Under optimal conditions [phrase]
trong điều kiện tối ưu (Under optimal conditions, the eggs hatch much faster.)
In adverse circumstances [phrase]
trong các trường hợp bất lợi (In adverse circumstances, the survival rate drops significantly.)