Biology EOC Review Unit 3: Cells, Homeostasis, and Transport

A set of flashcards covering key concepts related to cells, their structures, and functions.

Prokaryotes

Cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotes

Cells that have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

Cell membrane

Controls traffic of substances in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

Stores cell organelles.

Ribosomes

Produce proteins.

Mitochondria

Creates energy in the form of ATP.

Chloroplast

Performs photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll.

Endocytosis

The process by which molecules move into the cell.

Exocytosis

The process by which molecules move out of the cell.

Diffusion

The movement of particles directly across the cell membrane.

Facilitated diffusion

Process where some molecules pass through special protein channels.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across the cell membrane.

Passive transport

Movement of materials down the concentration gradient without cellular energy.

Active transport

Movement of materials against the concentration gradient and requires energy.

Hypotonic solution

A solution with less solutes than another solution, causing cells to swell.

Isotonic solution

A solution with the same amount of solutes as another solution, causing no net movement.

Hypertonic solution

A solution with more solutes than another solution, causing cells to shrivel.