AP Psychology - Chapter 12.2

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12 Terms

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Biomedical treatment/therapy

uses medication and medical procedures that act directly on a patient's physiological functioning

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What are the most widely used biomedical treatments today?

Psychoactive medications

  • Most drugs for anxiety and depression are simply prescribed by a PCP

     

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5 types of Drugs/Therapies

Psychoactive medication

Antipsychotic drugs

Antianxiety drugs

Mood-stabilizers

Antidepressant drugs

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Psychoactive medication

A chemical substance that influences/alters mind, body, and/or behavior by interacting with the CNS

Downside: they don't produce a 'cure' -- in the way that penicillin cures an infection

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Antipsychotic drugs

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and severe thought disorders

  • The molecules of most conventional antipsychotic drugs are similar enough to serotonin and dopamine molecules to occupy receptor sites and limit/block activity

 

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Antianxiety drugs

 drugs used to control anxiety and agitation by depressing the CNS

  • Critics fear that antianxiety drugs reduce symptoms without resolving underlying problems - 'popping a Xanax' at the first sign of tension can create a learned response, reinforcing a person's tendency to take drugs when anxious

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Mood-stabilizers

this simple salt lithium effectively levels the emotional highs of bipolar disorder, and thus is also used to treat the emotionality associated with Borderline PD

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Antidepressant drugs

drugs used to treat depression-related disorders by increasing the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine/noradrenaline

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Electroconvulsive Therapy

Small electric currents are sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient to treat severe depression that has not responded to other treatments

  • Studies show treatment-resistant patients report marked improvement (with only minor memory loss). It also somehow reduces suicidal thoughts and is credited with saving many from suicide

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Repeated pulses of magnetic energy are applied to the brain to stimulate or suppress brain activity

  •  like with ECT, TMS can be applied to specific sites on the brain

  • Causes no memory loss, but may lead to headaches/seizures; long-term effects unknown

  • NIMH a major study in 2010: 14% achieved remission, compared to 5% in an inactive/sham treatment (like a procedure version of a placebo)

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Psychosurgery

  • Surgery that removes or destroys (lesions) brain tissue in an effort to alter behavior

    • Because its effect are irreversible, is now seen as a last resort

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Lobotomy

a procedure that cuts the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain