Fungi

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30 Terms

1
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What are the 8 major phyla of fungi?

  • Microsporidia

  • Blastocladiomycota

  • Zygomycota

  • Neocallimastigomycota

  • Chytridiomycota

  • Glomeromycota

  • Basidiomycota

  • Ascomycota

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Mycology

The study of fungi

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Important Roles of Fungi

  • Fungi break down rocks and create soil

  • Plants couldn’t move on to land without soil created by fungi

  • plants and fungi have a symbiotic relationship

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How do “alien” fungi target ants?

Fungi targets the ant’s brain chemistry once the pore that landed on the ant starts to grow and develop. This makes the ant climb really high, clamps onto the tree, and kills itself. This allows the fungi to grow out of the ant. 

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What are some distinctive fungal features?

  • single-celled or multicellular

  • cell walls made of chitin

  • some have dikaryon stage

  • heterotrophs that absorb nutrients (usually of dead organisms)

  • reproduce both sexually and asexually

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Hyphae

Long, slender filaments in multicellular fungi

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What are the two types of hyphae?

Septate hyphae and aseptate hyphae

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What divides hyphae?

Septa

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Septate Hyphae

Have internal cross walls called septa that divide them into individual cells containing one or more nuclei

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Aseptate Hyphae

Lack septa, forming an elongated, multinucleated giant cell

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True or False: You can have septate and aseptate in the same fungi

True

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Mycelium

  • Mass of connected hyphae

  • Grows through and digests its substrate (typically underground)

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Chitin

  • Makes up fungal cell walls

  • Also found in hard shells (exoskeletons) of arthropods

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Hyphae may have more than one _____ per cell

Nuclei

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Fungi cells are all 1n except the ___cells

sex

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Monokaryotic

one haploid nucleus per cell

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Dikaryotic

two haploid nuclei per cell

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Homokaryotic

Nuclei are genetically similar to one another

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Heterokaryotic

Nuclei from genetically distinct individuals

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Sexual Reproduction

Fusion of two haploid hyphae of compatible mating types (+ and -)

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Dikaryon Stage

When haploid nuclei don’t fuse immediately, only happens in fungi, referred to as n+n

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Diploid Cell/ Zygote

When haploid nuclei fuse together

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True or False: Interconnected hyphae cannot form reproductive structures

False

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What is the most common means of reproduction in fungi?

Spores

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How are spores produced?

Asexually and Sexually

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Spore Development Process

Fungal spore germinates, forming a threadlike hypha

Hypha grows, branching frequently

Soon mycelium (whole ball of hyphae) infiltrates the food source

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What are the 3 main categories of fungi?

Heterotrophs, Decomposers, and Parasites

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Heterotrophs

Secrete digestive enzymes into food and then absorb digested materials (external digestion)

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Decomposers

  • feed on dead and decaying wood, leaves, and other organic matter

  • break down cellulose (animals can’t) and lignin

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Parasites

obtain nutrients at the expense of living plants and animals