TEAs Reading (Nurse Cheung)

Topic Sentences - Where can you locate them in a text?

The topic sentence is usually the first sentence of the first paragraph.

Main Ideas - Where can you locate them in a text?

The main idea sentences is usually the last sentence of the first paragraph.

Supporting Details - Where can you locate them in a text?

Supporting Details are found in the same paragraph as the topic sentence.

Summary Sentences - Where can you locate them in a text?

The summary is usually comrpised of the first sentence of the last paragraph.

Making Inferences & Logical Conclusions

Def: A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning, prior knowledge, and text evidence.

*Both terms are considered the same on the TEAs.

How To Identify:

1) Find Clues in the Text

2) Add Prior Knowledge

3) Combine Both & Make an Inference

Explicit Evidence

Def: Information that is stated clearly and in detail, leaving now room for doubt.

*Think: “E” = Explicit & Expressed

Implicit Bias

Def: Information that is not directly stated, but is implied or suggested.

*Think: “I” = Implicit & Implied

Transition Words & Phrases For Order & Relationship

Refer to attached image.

Headings —- Define the term and state its purpose.

Def: A title at the head of a page or document.

Purpose: Introduces the main topic or theme of a passage.

Subeadings —- Define the term and state its purpose.

Def: Headings underneath the main heading that provides additional details.

Purpose: Breaks down the main topic into more specific areas or aspects.

Transition Words & Sequence of Events

Refer to attached image.

Authors Point of View

Def: Biases that an author may have towards a subject; stem from personal experiences, cultural background, poltical beliefs.

Author’s Point of View

• First Person

  • I

  • Me/My/Mine

  • We

  • Us

  • Our/Ours

• Second Person

  • You

  • Your

  • Yours

• Third Person

  • He/She

  • It

  • Him/Her

  • His/Hers

  • They/Them

  • Their/Theirs

Author’s Tone

Def: The author’s attitude or emotional stance towards a subject.

*Tone can be negative, neutral, or positive.

Bias versus Steryotype

Bias—-

• Def: A personal opinion in favor or against a person, group, or thing.

Stereotype—

• Def: A generalized belief some people have towards a group or class of people.

Figurative Language—-Similie

Def: A direct comparison between two ideas; uses “like” or “as.”

Ex:

• “Life is like a box of chocolates!”

• “I came in like a wrecking ball.”

Figurative Language—-Metaphor

Def: A comparison that makes an implied or hidden connection between two ideas; does NOT use “like” or “as.”

Ex:

• “Love is an open door!”

• “Life is a highway!”

Figurative Language—-Personification

Def: Giving a non-human object human characteristics.

Ex:

• “The sea was angry that day.”

• “I walk a lonely road.”

Figurative Language—-Hyperbole

Def: An exaggerated claim that emphasizes a point.

Ex:

• “I would walk 500 miles!”

Types of Writing—-Informative

Facts and information from news articles and encyclopedias.

Types of Writing—-Descriptive

Creating a vivid picture in the readers mind.

Types of Writing—-Persuasive

Convince or Persuade the Reader

Types of Writing—-Expository

Explaining or clarifying ideas like steps in a process or explaining a concept.

Types of Writing—-Entertainment

Storytelling & Engagement

Theme

Def: A significant concept that is woven throughout a story; the theme answers questions and offers insights or morals that can be used in real-life,

*Differs from main ideas.

Primary Sources

Credible, Direct-Evidence Sources about:

• Person

• Events

• Pheomena

*Interviews, Transcripts, Survey Results, Social Media Posts

Secondary Sources

Created using primary sources to:

• Analyze

• Interpret

• Restate

*Newspaper Articles, Textbooks

Tertiary Sources

Use both primary and secondary sources but does NOT present any new information.

*Textbooks, Abstracts, References, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias

Rhetorocal Devices—-Ethos

Purpose: Earn the audiences trust in the speaker or writer.

*Credibility & Reliability

Rhetorical Devices—-Pathos

Purpose: Tap into the audience’s emotions.

*Emotional Connection & Empathy

Rhetorocal Devices—-Logos

Purpose: Engage in the audience’s reasoning and logic.

*Well-Reasoned Arguments & Logical Consistency