Clostridium

Neurotoxic clostridia

• C. tetani

• C. botulinum (Types A-G)

Histotoxic clostridia

• C.. chauvoei

• C. septicum

• C. novyi

• C. haemolyticum

present name of Clostridium novyi Type D

C. haemolyticum

present name of Clostridium botulinum Type G

C. argentinense

present name of Clostridium welchii

C. perfringens

present name of Clostridium oedematiens

C. novyi

low redox potential mediums

• thioglycollate

• cooked meat

aerotolerant clostridium

• clostridium perfringens

this bacteria causes bacillary hemoglobinuria

C. haemolyticum

C novyi type b causes

Black disease

Potent toxins

Neurotoxic clostridia

Less toxic than group 1 but more invasive

Histotoxic clostridia

Enterotoxins produced in the intestine

Enteropathogenic and enterotoxemia producing clostridia

Clostridia producing enteric disease that can be antibiotic induced

C. colinum

C. difficile

C. piliforme

C. spiroforme

• produces terminal spherical endospore

• drum stick appearance

C tetani

toxin of C tetani

tetanospasmin

characterized clinically by convulsive contraction of voluntary muscles

tetanus

When death occurs from Tetanus, it results from _______ ________\ of muscles involved in respiratikn

spastic paralysis

C. botulinum toxin blocks the release of neurotransmitter _______

acetylcholine

Blocked acetylcholine causes

flaccid paralysis

• Wound botulism (_______ ___ ________)

• Infant botulism (_______ ____ _______)

• shaker foal syndrome

• floppy baby syndrome

cause of black leg (black quarter) in calves

C. chauvoei

gangrenous necrotizing myositis that principally afftects young cattle

Black leg

Virulence factor of C. chauvoei

1. Alpha toxin- _________, _______

2. Beta toxin - ___________

3. Gamma toxin - _________

4. Delta toxin - ________

1. Hemolysis, neurotoxin

2. Deoxyribonuclease

3. Hyaluronidase

4. Hemoysin

causes malignant edema and braxy

Clostridium septicum

Alpha toxin in Clostridium septicum

• lethal

• lecithinase

• necrotizing

• hemolytic

Beta toxin in Clostridium septicum

• deoxyribonuclease and leukocidal

In sheep, the fatal disease is ____ associated with eating succulent feed creating necrotic lesions and hemorrgahic edema of abomasal and duodenalnwalls

braxy

C. septicum can be treated with

• penicilin

• broad spectrum antibiotics

• Administration of bacterins

Clostridium novyi aka

C oedematiens

causes gas gangrene

Type A (C novyi)

causes black disease

Type B

causes osteomyelitis

type c

Produces aloha and beta toxin (lecithinase C)

Type B C. novyi

is phage mediated

Type A C novyi

Type B C novyi is ___________, isolation is difficult

fastidious

also knwon as C. novyi type D

Clostridium haemolyticum

Causes bacillary hemoglobinuria

C novyi type D (C haemolyticum)

acute hemolytic anemia characterized by icterus, anemia, hemoglobinuria

Bacillary hemoglobinuria (red water)

Major virulence factor of C haemolyticum

Lecithinase C

Lecithinase C acts on ___________ complex

on the surface of erythrocytes

lecithoprotein

Clostridia Associated with Antibiotic induced

Disease (Clindamycin antibiotic)

1. Clostridium _________ -frequently isolated in rabbits with 'mucoid enteritis'

2. Clostridium ______

-human, hamster, rabbit, guinea pig enterocolitis initiated by prolonged antibiotic therapy

1. spiriforme

2. difficile