Science test #1, energy

Energy

The ability to do work. Measured in joules (J)

Kinetic energy

Energy of motion. Depends on speed and mass

Potential energy

Stored energy. Depends on position and mass

Mechanical energy

The total energy in an object (Ex. moving car)

Chemical energy

A type of POTENTIAL energy that is found in the nucleus of an atom (Ex. getting energy from food)

Electrical energy

A form of KINETIC energy from the flow of electric charge (electrons) (Ex. lighting bolt)

Nuclear energy

A form of POTENTIAL energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. It is released during nuclear reactions, such as fission or fusion (Ex. powering nuclear power plants)

Thermal energy

A form of KINETIC energy caused by vibration or movement of particles (Ex. hot drinks)

Elastic energy

A form of POTENTIAL energy that stretches (Ex. rubber bands or springs)

Radiant energy (Light energy)

A type of KINETIC energy that travels in waves (Ex. Getting energy from food)

Wind

Renewable

Wind spins turbine creating energy

Expensive, noise pollution, unpredictable, harms birds

Hydropower

Renewable

Uses the power from water to generate electricity

Expensive, limited places, interrupts water flow, affected by droughts

Solar

Renewable

Heat that comes from the inside. Steam from hot water = spinning turbines

Expensive, small carbon dioxide pollution, requires drilling

Biomass

Renewable

Organic material that comes from plants and animals. Burned or converted to liquid biofuels

Some pollution, nitrogen oxides, transport costs, uses fossil fuels

Oil (Petroleum)

Nonrenewable

Fossil fuel made from decaying prehistoric plant and animal remains. mix of crude oil and natural gas

High CO2 levels, limited, has to drill

Natural gas

Nonrenewable

A fossil energy source that formed deep beneath the Earth’s surface. Used by some power plants

Transport costs, unavailable in some area without infrastructure, creates emissions, flammable

Coal

Nonrenewable

Black sedimentary rock made of carbon and hydrocarbon. Used in power plants

Greenhouse gases, acid rain, environment impact

Nuclear (uranium)

Nonrenewable

Uranium atoms are split apart to release energy. boil water. steam = turbine electricity

Dangerous, radioactive, expensive

Difference between THERMAL ENERGY and TEMPERATURE

Temperature = average kinetic energy

Thermal energy = total kinetic energy

What is absolute zero?

Theoretical temperature where molecular motion stops (0 Kelvin)

Conduction

Heat transferred by touch (Ex. Putting your hand ON fire)

Convection

Heat transferred by liquid (Circular motion) (Ex. Putting your hand NEAR the fire.)

Radiation

Heat transferred by WAVES (From the side) (Ex. Putting your hand NEAR the fire.)

Temperature and heat energy diagram

Solid - liquid = melting Liquid - gas = evaporating Gas - liquid = condescending Liquid - solid = freezing Solid - gas = vaporizing Gas - solid = sublimating