TFN: U3 Knowledge Development in Nursing

Knowledge Development in Nursing Science

Shows the interface between nursing science and research

Ontology, epistemology, methodology

What are the 3 facets of knowledge development?

Ontology

The study of being; refers to what is or what exists

Epistemology

The study of knowledge or ways of knowing

Methodology

The means or methods of acquiring knowledge

Quantitative or Qualitative

What are the two types of methodology?

Nursing Philosophy

Statement of foundational and universal assumptions, beliefs, and principles about the nature of knowledge and thought (epistemology) and about the nature of entities represented in the metaparadigm; belief system/worldview of the profession and provides perspectives for practice, scholarship, and research

Nursing Science

Substantive, discipline-specific knowledge focusing on the human-universe-health process articulated in nursing frameworks and theories

Biological, behavioral, social, cultural

What aspects of the human does nursing science address?

Goal of Nursing Science

To represent the nature of nursing — the need to understand it, to explain it, to use it for the benefit of humankind

EPISMEM

Acronym for the 7 Basic Types of Knowledge in Epistemology

Empirics, personal knowledge, intuitive, somatic, metaphysical/spiritual, esthetics, moral/ethical

What are the 7 basic types of knowledge (under epistemology)?

Empirics

One of the basic types of knowledge that is the scientific form of knowledge from observation, testing, and replication + uses the 5 senses

Personal Knowledge

One of the basic types of knowledge that is prior knowledge gained from thought alone, knowledge from one’s own experiences

Intuitive Knowledge

One of the basic types of knowledge that is intuition, feelings, and hunches (not guessing)

Somatic Knowledge

One of the basic types of knowledge that is knowledge of the body related to physical movement (“muscle memory”)

Metaphysical/Spiritual Knowledge

One of the basic types of knowledge that is seeking the presence of a higher power

Esthetics/Aesthetics

One of the basic types of knowledge that is related to beauty, harmony, expression; incorporates art, creativity, values

art

Nursing isn’t only a science, but it is also an ___.

Mitered bed corners in bed-making, folding of the towel for tepid sponge bath

Examples of art in nursing

Moral/Ethical Knowledge

One of the basic types of knowledge that is the code of ethics in the professional level

Empirics, Esthetics, Personal Knowledge, Ethics

According to Carper (1978) what are the 4 Fundamental Patterns for Nursing Science?

Empiricism and Phenomenology (+Other Qualitative Research)

What are the two dominant forms of scientific inquiry?

Empiricism

One of the dominant forms of scientific inquiry that involves objective and quantitative experiment, tests propositions and hypotheses in controlled experimentation

Phenomenology & Other Qualitative Research

One of the dominant forms of scientific inquiry that deals with the study of lived experiences and meanings of events

Discipline; Profession

Nursing is can be viewed as either a ___ or a ___

Discipline

Specific to academe; refers to branch of education, department of learning, knowledge domain

The Meta Taught Me Core

How to remember the 5 criteria of nursing as a discipline?

1. Theoretical works serve as body of knowledge

2. Knowledge of metaparadigms (person, health, and environment)

3. Nursing knowledge taught to those who enter the profession

4. Knowing the paradigms prepares the nursing student for membership in the particular scientific community with which they will late participate

5. By studying and practicing with them, members of their corresponding community learn their trade: roles, responsibilities, and scope of practice

What are the 5 criteria of nursing as a discipline?

Profession

Specialized field of practice founded on the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and accompanying practice abilities

SCOPAS

Acronym to remember the 6 criteria for a profesion

Specialized knowledge, code of ethics, ongoing research, professional organization, autonomy, service orientation

According to Berman (2022) what are the 6 criteria for a profession?

Specialized Knowledge

Criteria for a profession that should be well-defined and well-organized

Service Orientation

Criteria for a profession that focuses on altruism, the hallmark of a profession and the selfless care for others

Ongoing Research

Criteria for a profession that ensures the practice is constantly improved and that nursing won’t be erased

Code of Ethics

Criteria for a profession that states that the profession must be mandated by law

RA 9173 (Nursing Law of 2002)

What is the Code of Ethics for nursing specifically?

Autonomy

Criteria for a profession that states that the profession must be governed by own colleagues, such as how nursing is governed by the Board of Nursing

Philippine Nurses Association

What is the professional organization for Filipino nurses that gives benefits, can provide legal aid, and hosts seminars?

Personal Identity as a Nurse

Sense of oneself influenced by characteristics, norms, values of the nursing discipline, resulting in an individual thinking, acting, and feeling like a nurse

Concepts & Definitions, Relational Statements, Linkages & Ordering

What are 3 main components of a theory?

Concepts

Component of a theory that is the building block of theories and classifies the phenomena of interest

Abstract and Concrete

Two types of concepts

Theoretical and operational definitions of concept

Two types of definition of concept

Theoretical Definition of Concept

Definition of concept that established the meaning of a concept

Operational Definition of Concept

Definition of concept that provides the measurements of a concept

Theoretical and operational statement

Two types of relational statements

Theoretical Statements

Relational statement that relates concepts to one another, permits analysis

Operational Statements

Relational statement that relates concepts to measurements

Linkages of theoretical statements & Linkages of operational statements

Two types of linkages and ordering

Linkages of theoretical statements

Type of linkage/ordering that provides rationale of why theoretical statements are linked, add plausibility

Linkages of operational statements

Type of linkage/ordering that provides rationale for how measurement variables are linked, permit testability

Scope of Theory and Type/Purpose of Theory

2 Methods to Classify Theories in Nursing

Metatheory, grand theories, middle-range theories, practice theories

4 Scopes of Theory

Metatheory

Type of theory scope that focuses on broad issues like the processing of generating knowledge and theory development

Grand Theories

Type of theory scope that is the most complex and broadest; non-specific, relatively abstract concept; lacks operational definitions; propositions are abstract and cannot be tested

Middle-Range Theories

Type of theory scope that are substantively specific and encompass a limited number of concepts; concrete concepts are operationally defined (by measurements) and propositions are concrete and can be tested

Practice Theories

Situation-specific theory that produces specific directions for practice and has a narrow scope and focus to a specific population or field of practice

DEPP

Acronym to remember the 4 types/purposes of theory

Descriptive/factor isolating, explanatory/factor-relating, predictive/situation-relating, prescriptive/situation-producing

4 Types/Purposes of Theory

Descriptive/Factor Isolating Theory

Theory whose purpose is to describe, observe, name concepts, properties and dimensions of a theory; identifies the major concepts of a phenomenon but does not explain how or why the concepts are related

Explanatory/Factor-Relating Theory

Theory whose purpose is to show interrelationship among concepts; propositions showed specific associations among some concepts

Predictive/Situation-Relating Theory

Theory whose purpose is to show the conditions under which concepts are related and stated; relationship statement can describe the future outcome consistently

Prescriptive/Situation-Producing Theory

Theory whose purpose is to prescribe activities necessary to reach defined goals; deals with nursing therapeutics and consequences of interventions; considered as the most difficult to identify in the nursing literature

Prescriptive/Situation-Producing Theory

Which theory type is considered the most difficult to identify in nursing literature

Metaparadigm

Most abstract and general component of the structural hierarchy of nursing knowledge whose purpose is to summarize the intellectual and social missions of the discipline and places boundaries on subject matter of that discipline

1. Must identify distinctive domain from domains of other disciplines

2. Must encompass all phenomena of interest to the discipline globally and no redundancies

3. Must be perspective-neutral reflecting only nursing and not any particular conceptual model or paradigm

4. Must be global in scope rather than reflecting national, cultural, or ethnic beliefs and values

4 Requirements for a Metaparadigm

4 Metaparadigms in Nursing

Serve as the organizing framework around which conceptual development proceeded (Fawcett, 1984); a consensus within the discipline of nursing and are the dominant phenomena within the science (Wagner, 1986)

Person, Health, Environment, Nursing

4 Metaparadigms in Nursing

Person

metaparadigm that is defined as recipient of nursing care; composed of physical, intellectual, biochemical, psychosocial needs; open system and and integrated whole

Health

metaparadigm that is defined as having ability to independently function; successful adaptation to life stressors; unity of mind, body and soul; quality of life involving physical, psychological and social well-being

Environment

metaparadigm that is defined as the external elements that affect the person; internal and external conditions that influence the organism; can be the significant others whom the person interacts; open system with boundaries that permits the exchange of matter, energy and info with humans

Nursing

metaparadigm that is defined as a science, an art, and a practice discipline that involves caring

CCAHD

Acronym for the 5 Goals of Nursing

Care of the well, care of the sick, assisting with self-care activities, helping individuals attain their human potential, discovering and using nature’s law of health

5 Goals of Nursing

Promoting health and wellness, preventing illness, restoring health, caring for the dying

4 Scopes of Nursing Practice