SLHS 4620 Final

detection

knowing that a sound is present

Discrimination

ability to distinguish when two separate sounds are different

identification

ability to label or identify the stimulus

comprehention

full perception and understanding of the meaning of an auditory message

Cued Speech

visual communication system; hand movements are supplemental to speechreading

AVT

Auditory-Oral

help children with hearing loss to communicate through speech alone

ASL

complex visual and spatial language with its own rules of grammar, sentence, and sign formation

Signed Exact English,

matches signs with the English language; visual form of the English language

Total Communication

combines both oral and manual methods; uses combination of signs, speech, gestures, pictures, print, etc.

codeswitching

person adjusts their language, syntax, grammatical structure, behavior, and/or appearance to fit into dominant culture

hard of hearing

persons with mild, moderate, or severe hearing loss and some ability to understand speech with the use of hearing aids or amplification

Deaf

cultural identification with the Deaf community

deaf

profound bilateral hearing loss where even with powerful hearing aids, speech generally is not perceived in auditory-oral perceptual situations

Deaf community

group of individuals who share cultural similarities in language, morals, traditions, and values

enculturation process

shaping or raising children according to the values defined by a culture

self-concept

how one sees oneself

hearing aid effect,

psychological reaction to the presence of a hearing aid; the viewer has negative assumptions about the hearing aid user

affective vocabulary

words and phrases that describe feelings or emotional reactions

social competence,

skills for successful and satisfying personal relationships

peer groups

provide safe environments for adolescents to practice important life skills, including communication, cooperate, and compromise

paranoia

perception that others are talking about us

avoidance techniques

strategies used to postpone acknowledgement of a difficult situation

impulse disorder,

difficulty controlling one's initial reactions or impulses; acting without considering consequences

non-professional audiologic counseling

helping patients "own their hearing loss" and advance to problem solving

professional boundaries,

notable distinctions between professions as they approach common areas of concern

psychotherapy

conducted by psychiatrists/psychologists; help patients explore unconscious behavior patterns to alter ways of relating and functioning; challenging personal history and analyzing meaning of one's responses

self-assessments

paper-and-pencil questionnaires or surveys to help persons describe their listening problems to themselves and others

counseling

help people develop "here-and-now" strategies for coping with life, decisions, + current problems

professional counselors

family counselors or social workers

informational counseling

sole purpose of conveying information

personal adjustment counseling

less talking on professional's end; more listening to the patient

IEP

written report describing a child's current level of performance, annual goals, and procedures to meet these goals

IFSP

required by special education law for birth to age 3 services; identifies family and child strengths/needs/priorities; identifies outcomes for early intervention program

504

mandates that all entities receiving federal funds must not discriminate and must offer services that provide access to their programs

IDEA

Guarantees educational rights to children with disabilities

LRE

Educating children with disabilities in a local public school among children without disabilities; child has most access to academic, social, and emotional support

accommodations

How the environment is adjusted so the student can access learning

modifications

auditory inclination

Ways the content is altered so it is meaningful to a student

learning trajectories

integration

inclusion

attention

focusing on the speaker and message being conveyed

CAPD

presents itself in school-age children due to increasing academic demands

hearing conservation

teaching children how to protect their hearing from high noise levels

reverberation

prolongation of sound data on hard surfaces

FM

frequency modulated radio signal that carries the speaker's voice directly to a receiver

FM advantage

amplifying a speaker's voice above background noise while not being affected by distance or direction

sound field amplification

amplifying an entire area such as a classroom or an auditorium

individualized transition plan,

long term plan to arrange for further education or job training after high school

multidisciplinary approach

team of specialists from a variety of disciplines in the childcare

auditory neuropathy,

sound information is not faithfully transmitted to the auditory nerve and brain properly

family-centered practice,

focus on family identified needs and priorities, efforts to form partnerships with parents to address child needs, and empowerment of families as the primary decision makers for their child

child-centered therapy

direct service for child, with limited direct involvement of the parent in intervention

natural environments

promote the provision of services in the home or in community settings that families routinely access

parent-professional partnerships,

family members collaborating with professionals to identify needs and implement strategies to encourage infant development

transdisciplinary teamwork

team members collaborate and are independent

collaborative consultation

team members contribute diverse expertise to creatively solve intervention problems

people first-language

identification of an individual before the mention of a disability

presbycusis

age-related hearing loss; decline in hearing thresholds and auditory processing associated with aging

phonemic regression

speech understanding is unexpectedly poor

self-efficacy

belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments

listening effort

how cognitively demanding it is to understand speech in different listening environments

disability

overall effect of hearing loss; defined by WHO

JCIH 2019 (1-3-6 Definition)

-Infants should have hearing screened no later than one month.

-Don't pass--> diagnose hearing loss by 3 months

-Enroll in early intervention by 6 months

Auditory Behavior Age Ranges (Birth-3m)

Infant wakes to sudden noises, cries/ startles to sudden and loud sounds, soothed by mother's voice.

Auditory Behavior Age Ranges (3-6m)

Turns eyes or head to search for location of sound, responds to mother's voice, babbling sounds, sound making toys, connects to environment.

Auditory Behavior Age Ranges (6-10m)

Looks for sound source outside of vision, responds to name, understands common words; inflections in speech.

Auditory Behavior Age Ranges (10-15m)

Sound source behind him, significant distance, imitates simple sounds, points to objects

Auditory Behavior Age Ranges (15-18m)

Can hear + respond from another room, normal voice, first words, follow directions.

History of Communication Modes-Auditory verbal

1978

History of Communication Modes-Auditory Oral

1989

History of Communication Modes-ASL

First emerged in 18th century, regarded as language in 20th century

History of Communication Modes-Cued speech

1966

History of Communication Modes-Signed exact speech

1972

History of Communication Modes-Total communications

Late 1960s early 1970s

Communication ModesAuditory verbal

-Goal= guide parents in helping child develop intelligible spoken language through listening + coach parents to advocate for child's inclusion

-Pros= residual hearing can help child develop language; language is learned through consistent meaningful interactions.

Communication ModesAuditory oral

-Goal= use residual hearing for access to spoken language, talk using spoken language

-Pros= more options for education, vocation, and life.

-Cons= not all children will be successful, qualified therapist numbers are low, auditory functioning, language processing, learning styles

Communication ModesASL

-Goal= convey information through handshape, location, movement, and palm orientation- facial expression and body language

-Cons= parents are often not native ASL signers, does not provide skills to acquire English grammar and literacy

Communication Modes Cued speech

-Goals= represent spoken language visually in real time-Pros= relatively simple and easy to learn

Communication Modes Total communication

-Goals= accommodate for the fact that there is not just one approach or method for all individuals

-Pros- families do not have to pick one mode of communication, improves quality of the relationship between child and others; psychosocial, linguistic, and academic improvements

-Cons= difficult to use signs with spoken word order, may not learn fluent sign languages, broken language

Deaf culture percentages

-1 million people are profoundly deaf and identify as Deaf

-5% of deaf children are born to deaf parents

Degrees of HL + affect on education

-The more severe the loss, the most difficult learning can be.

-Minimal or mild loss can put a child at risk for academic failure

Reverberation time

Ideal time=0.3 seconds or less

Symptoms of CAPD

Localizing sound; understanding spoken language in competing messages, longer in responding, asking to repeat; inconsistent or inappropriate response, complex auditory directions; easily distracted

Comorbidity of CAPD

ADHD + other findings

Percentage of school aged children

5%

Test areas of CAPD

-Auditory discrimination

-Temporal processing

-Binaural

Diagnostic criteria of CAPD

Two deficits in two different tests greater than 2 standard deviations from the mean

Deficits in CAPD

listening, communication, academic success, psychosocial wellness

What does CORE stand for?

-Communication Impairment and Activity Limitations

-Overall participation variables

-Related personal factors-Environmental factors

What does CARE stand for?

-Counseling

-Audibility

-amplification

-Remediation for communication activities

-Environment coordination and participation

Percentages of hearing loss in Americans

26.7 million Americans over 50 years old

Percentage of Hearing Aids

3.8 million

What % of people over 70 have loss in hearing and vision

20%