Framing and Structure Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about framing and structure.

What does the right number mean on a 32/16, APA-rated plywood panel?

Maximum on center spacing of supports for use in subflooring

What is a structural member or beam supported on only one end that projects out from a wall or other structure?

Cantilever

What is the actual size of 2” x 4” stud?

1 ½” x 3 ½”

Cripple are short pieces of framing used above and below openings in a framed wall. What is the usual spacing for cripples?

Same as studs

What is single-ply?

A membrane roofing system that uses polymer-based synthetic material in flexible sheet or liquid form as an alternative to traditional built-up roofing

What is an interlocking tile?

All of the above

What is the maximum height for a laterally unsupported 2 x 4 inch bearing wall stud?

10’

What is the name of the framing member identified by the arrow in the figure?

Fascia

Drilling I-joists for utilities should follow suppliers specifications. And:

More than one hole is allowed if they are separated by a distance of more than twice the diameter of the largest hole

What are the three stucco coats that are applied over a properly prepared wooden surface and lath?

Scratch coat, brown coat, and finish coat

What is radiant barrier sheathing?

All of the above

In geographical areas designated as a “high wind zone “and the mean roof height is higher than 25 feet, _ must be used at ridge, eave and gable overhang locations;

8 penny ring shanked nails

Standard interlayment used for wood shake roof systems over 4:12 pitch consists of:

30 LB. asphalt impregnated organic felt

In crawlspace, if the floor is built out of non-pressure treated wood, how high is the floor joist from the soil?

18"

What type of roof is displayed in Figure #3?

Hip roof

Bracing lines:

Will always be parallel

When running utilities through stud walls it may be necessary to bore holes through studs. If the size of the hole is more than 40% of the depth of the stud then:

It is allowed if the studs are doubled and the hole is less than 60% of the width

What does a weep screed do?

Designed to evacuate water from a stucco wall

What type of roof is displayed in Figure #1?

Gable roof

When installing hold-downs for a new build, when should the bolts be retightened?

Before putting up drywall

For drainage purposes, built-up and single-ply roof systems shall not be applied on roof slopes less than;

¼ :12

A solid plywood roof deck at 3/12 pitch or greater, receiving asphalt shingles and having rafters laid out 24 inches on center, should have a minimum plywood sheathing thickness of .

5/8 inch

When building a deck that is attached to an adjoining wall. It may be necessary to use a ledger board and joist hangers. In this case the ledger board will need to be:

At least as deep as the joists

For best performance, nails need to be long enough to penetrate sufficiently into the base material. In most cases this would mean:

About 2/3 of base piece

What is the maximum height for a laterally unsupported 2 x 4 inch nonbearing wall stud?

14’

Toenailing is an important technique in framing. Best results are achieved when:

Using framing nails, entering top piece at a height equivalent to 1/3 the height of the nail.

When two opposing roof slopes descend or merge at a horizontal trough within the roof deck, a ___ is formed, as identified by the arrow in the figure.

Hog Valley

What does the right number mean on a 32/16, APA-rated plywood panel?

Maximum on center spacing of supports for use in subflooring

Fire-blocking from 2x material will provide how much fire protection?

1 hour

Why do you need to double-up on a top plate?

Interrupt ceiling membrane for fire-resistance

What is the maximum spacing of 3 x 4 inch studs on a 2 story house?

24" o. c.

‘Mod-bit’ and ‘torch down’ are both common roofing terms for;

Modified Bitumen

What is the frame member identified by the arrow in the figure called?

Out rigger

When framing walls it is important to think ahead to the work that will follow. For instance, why would you add extra blocking on the outside of a door frame?

For a light switch in the case of wide moldings

What is the minimum plywood thickness that is used for structural panel wall sheathing?

3/8"

In general, nails provide stronger joints when driven into the _of wood.

Side grain

Grade designations indicate the recommended use of lumber. Which grade would you choose for building trusses?

Structural light framing No: 1

What are bracing lines?

Imaginary lines across a building used to line up structural bracing elements.

Name the framing member identified by the arrow in the Figure #2 framing plan?

Hip-Jack rafter

Before attaching sheathing to a framed wall construction you should:

Ensure that the wall is true, square and braced

What is a 'Built-up Roof' aka BUR?

Multi-layers of roof felt laminated with asphalt bitumen

Proper installation of roof pipe and vent penetration base flashing should consist of;

Weave shingles under the lower end of the base flashing and over the upper portion of the base flashing

In most cases, where will braced wall panels be placed?

At each end of brace lines

Where do you measure to know the exposure of roof shingles?

Edge of the top shingle and edge of bottom exposed shingle

For exterior shear panels, a nail is fastened _ inch from the edge.

3/8

A roof frame component that is pre-fabricated, consisting of multiple members fastened and bound together to form a pre-calculated, load bearing roof support is called an__.

Engineered roof truss

A metal roof panel requiring a solid or closely spaced substrate and relying on a positive slope to shed rain water is called:

Architectural metal roof panel

For U-shaped kitchens, what is the minimum clearance requirement between all opposing base cabinets, counter tops, appliances, or walls?

60 inches

When nailing sheathing to framed walls, the nail pattern will vary with the spacing of the studs. If the studs are spaced further apart, then the nailing pattern will be:

The distance between nails will need to be proportionally closer

Double top plates are best nailed together with:

16d 16” o.c.

I-Joists can add to the final cost of a project but have the advantage of:

Longer spans

According to the California Residential Code, what is the minimum grade lumber that you may use for studs?

No. 3

What is the name of the roof type displayed in Figure #12?

Saw tooth roof

Specific information about shear walls, such a type of sheathing and nailing, can usually be found on the building plans. Abbreviations such as “6W4” are common, which would mean:

OSB with edge nailing 4” o.c. and field 6 “o.c.

What is an architectural shingle?

An asphalt strip shingle laminated with additional asphalt composition components to create a heavier dimensional appearance

Per every 150 square foot of enclosed roof cavity, of ventilation surface must be provided.

1 square foot

In some cases nail performance can be improved by driving it at an angle. This can:

Improve withdrawal resistance

When framing a rough opening for a window, a normal clearance for the window frame would be:

1/4 inch on all sides

Connection between a rafter and a double top-plate requires:

10d nails

What is used to fasten a double top plate splice?

Eight 16d nails

What is the maximum spacing of 2 x 6 inch studs on a load bearing wall for a 2 story house?

24” o. c.

What is the purpose of a step flashing?

To shed water away from the structure at roof to wall transitions

What is the minimum headroom requirement when accessing an attic?

30”

What is the most accurate way to measure the squareness of a rough opening?

Measure the diagonals at corners

When nailing a continuous header to the studs, best practice is to use:

4X10d nails

What is the frame member identified by the arrow in the figure called?

Valley-Jack rafter

When sheathing a roof with rafters laid out at 48 inches on center, the minimum required thickness of the lumber sheathing is tongue and groove.

1-1/2 inch

A metal roof panel which can be installed over ‘spaced’ or open frame sheathing, not requiring a solid or closely spaced substrate and relying on a positive slope to shed rain water is called;

Structural metal roof panel

After fabricating a beam for use on a deck from 2x material. Boards should be connected with:

Threaded 8d nails or #8 screws

When supported by cold steel framed walls, how should cold steel floor framing be installed?

In-line with load-bearing studs

Forces that cause the metal roof panels to move down slope, such as snow load and the weight of the metal panel roof system under gravity is called;

Drag Load

When framing floor projections beyond the supporting wall below, such as for a bay window or balcony, the cantilevering floor joists should not extend more than:

2 feet

What is a contouring pipe flashing?

A malleable base flashing, such as lead or soft aluminum, used to form over the surface of medium to high profile tile

To minimize breakage when walking on a tile roof, one should;

All of the above

Ends of deck joists require some form of lateral resistance to prevent rotation. Where lateral restraint is provided by rim joists, they shall be secured to the end of each joist with not fewer than:

Three 10d nails or three #10 screws

Studs are always doubled:

For any door opening

Wood structural paneling, would normally be nailed with

8d nails at 6” o.c. at edges and 12” o.c. in the field

When constructing decks with a beam and joist design, splicing the beam is permitted under which conditions:

If the splice is positioned over a post

Hold-downs are usually set into the foundation or pad. Where else might you need to install them?

Between floors

Engineered floor trusses and I-Joists should:

Not be notched

Graded lumber is stamped with information about the lumber. What is included?

All of the above

What is the maximum spacing of 2 x 4 inch studs on a nonbearing wall for a 2 story house?

24” o. c.

What roof type is identified by the arrow in figure #4?

Dormer roof

What are the notching and/or drilling requirements for timber beams?

Holes should be at least 2 inches from edge of beam and not more than 1/3 of beam height in diameter

Where does the bottom plate go?

Bottom of a 2x4 stud wall

Allowable spans for deck beams can be found in commonly available charts. What would normally be an allowable overhang?

1/4 of allowable span

What is the name of the feature outlined by the circle in the figure?

Prow

When wood shingles are placed over wood spaced sheathing, the sheathing shall be;

Not less than 1” x 4” nominal dimension and spaced on centers, equal to shingle exposure

A cripple wall is considered a story when the stud height exceeds:

14 inches

Why is 1/8” space left between boards on a deck?

Expansion joint

When applying asphalt shingles on a slope less than 4:12, what form of underlayment is required?

Two layers of #15 LB. asphalt saturated felt

What type of roof is displayed in the figure?

Hip & Valley roof

When are studs doubled?

In load bearing walls with holes exceeding 40% of the stud depth.

Floor trusses are often engineered to the required job specifications. This means:

Installation should be in the correct sequence and orientation.

What tool is used to successfully cut perpendicular to the grain?

Miter saw

When building a deck, it may be necessary to use blocking between joists.

Blocking is required at the beginning of any overhang

Graded lumber is marked with an indication of moisture content; which is the driest designation?

MC-15

What is installed between the sill plate and the foundation?

Sill sealer

What is the name of the roof type displayed in the figure?

Shed roof

When applying sheathing horizontally:

All of the above