matter and energy major

Properties of Matter

Help us identify and classify matter; physical properties; chemicals properties

physical property

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

Hardness

the ability of the materials to resist being deformed

Malleability

ability of the material to be easily hammered into thin sheet

Density

ability of the material to be measured by mass per volume

Elasticity

The ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched

Conductivity

The ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object.

Ductility

the ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire

Tenacity

the ability of a material to withstand breaking in a long period of time

phases of matter

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Phase changes of matter

melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, deposition

Endothermic

a physical phase change that absorbs heat from the surroundings (Solid-liquid-Gas-Plasma)

Melting

The change in state from a solid to a liquid

Evaporation

The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas

Sublimation

the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas

Ionization

Phase transition of Gas to Plasma if heat is more applied

Exothermic

a physical phase change that releases heat to the surroundings (Plasma-Gas-Liquid-Solid)

Recombination

Phase change in which a plasma cools down into a gas.

Desublimation

the process in which a gas turns directly into a solid

Condensation

The change of state from a gas to a liquid

Solidification

The change of state from a liquid to a solid

Freezing

The change of state from a liquid to a solid but it needs to reach the freezing point ( 0°C )

Energy is being absorbed:

Melting, Evaporation, Sublimation

Energy is being taken away

Condensation, Freezing/Sublimation, Desublimation

chemical change

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances

Chemical Reaction

usually involves the production of gas, light, heat, & a colour change. They cannot be REVERSE

Oxidation

A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust

Combustion

A rapid reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire. It needs oxygen

Fermentation

happen in living things such as yeast and bacteria. Some are used to produce yogurt, wine and bread

Mixtures are formed,

when physical changes occur

A compound is found,

if chemical change happened

Boiling

vaporization that occurs on and below the surface of a liquid. It needs to reach the boiling point (100°C)

Evaporation

vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid. It can happen above the freezing point and below boiling point

Precipitation

Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface.

Some of the precipitation are:

Rain, drizzle, snow, slit, hail, dew, frost, Mist, & Fog

Rain

Liquid water droplets falling from clouds.

Drizzle

very light rain consisting of tiny water droplets

Snow

a solid form of precipitation composed of ice crystals in complex hexagonal form

Slit

raindrops that freezes as they fall through a layer of cold air

Hail

irregular lump of ice that form in cumulonimbus clouds during thunderstorm

Dew

water droplets that form on surfaces due to condensation of water vapor

Frost

a deposit of small white ice crystals formed on the ground or other surfaces when the temperature falls below freezing.

Mist

a cloud of very small drops of water in the air just above the ground, that make it difficult to see

Fog

a thick cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth's surface that obscures or restricts visibility

Forms of Energy

Chemical, Light, Nuclear, Mechanical, Thermal, Electrical,

Chemical Energy

A form of potential energy that is stored in food, plants, batteries fuels & explosive

Light Energy

emitted by light sources such as stars, light bulbs

nuclear energy

The potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

mechanical energy

the energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects

Thermal Energy

is released by objects as heat. The higher the temperature of an object, the greater the energy it produces

Electrical Energy

Energy caused by the movement of electrons.