Artic and Lang: Final Exam

Communication

process consisting of 2 or more people sharing information, including facts, thoughts, ideas and feelings

Motor-speech theory

communication or expression in spoken words; components of speech include articulation, phonemes, fluency, voice; synonym w speech motor

Phonological theory

the sound system of language that includes rules for sounds; phonemes and sound arrangement

Motor speech phonemic development

description of predictable ages of phoneme production during speech development

Motor speech Co-articulation

subtle changes in phoneme production in response to articulator movement when 2 or more phonemes are combined (ex; tea vs truck)

Phonological process

typical sound error patterns that occur and extinguish at predictable ages during speech development

Articulation

focus grounded in motor-speech theory, focuses on the production of individual speech sounds

Phonology

focus is grounded in linguistic theory, how sounds are processed in the brain

Complex motor act

specific set of neurologically planned, coordinated, and sequentially timed motor movements to complete a particular task without speech (buttering toast, riding a bike)

Complex motor-speech act

specific set of neurologically planned, coordinated, and sequentially timed motor movements for speech production at the phoneme, syllable, word, phrase and/or multi-phrase level (prosody, intensity, stress, pitch)

Structural disorders

cleft lip/palate, other orofacial anomalies, structural deficits from surgery or trama

Sensory perceptual disorders

hearing impairment

Dysarthia

do not result from phonological delays, they are motor speech disorders resulting from damage to the neuro-muscular system, weakend muscles

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)

a motor speech disorder where children struggle with the planning and coordination of speech movements, even though they have no weakness in their speech muscles

Acquired apraxia of speech

occurs secondary to trauma or disease to the central nervous system; a neurological speech disorder that impairs a person's ability to plan and coordinate the movements needed to produce speech, despite having normal muscle strength and movement

Stage 1 of speech development

reflexive crying and vegetative; birth to 2 months

Stage 2 of speech development

Cooing (initialized vocalized speech sounds) and laughing; 2 to 4 months

Stage 3 of speech development

vocal play (the transition to production of speech sounds C + V) and the expansion stage (when the infant produces an increasing variety of speech sounds); 4 to 6 months

Stage 4 of speech development

babbling, canonical (reduplicated): similar strings of words (ba-ba-ba); 6 months | non-reduplicated: strings of varied syllables (ba-da-ga); 9 months to first words

Stage 5 of speech development

jargon: strings of babbled utterances containing prosody, often with eye contact and gestures; 10 months and older

Vowels

very ealry developed in infants speech, all present by 3 yrs, develop from back to front and low to high

Consonants

contain phonetic distinctive features, stops develop first

Phonological awareness

ability to detect, process then manipulate these sounds, also called metaphonic awareness

Components of reading

letter recognition, word recognition, semantic knowledge, grapheme-phoneme correspondance

Diagnostic Assessment

complex set of activities and tasks designed to gain in-depth, detailed, and comprehensive collection of data

Speech Sample

useful in comparing single-word test results to continuous speech (authentic/functional assessment) and allows the SLP to incorporate multilple levels of speech production

Speech Intelligibility

the clarity and understandability of speech, or how well a speaker can be understood by a listener

Dialect

neutral label to refer to any variety of language which is shared by a group of speakers

Lexical

the variations in vocabulary terms used by a person from a particular group (geographic, ethnic, social, racial, etc.)

Accent

not a communication disorder, natural part of spoken language, everyone has one, may affect intelligibility