Lecture on Crime and Deviance

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to crime and deviance, including theories, behavioral classifications, and social dynamics.

Disorganized Zone

A zone characterized by deteriorated housing and abandoned buildings, typically lacking social cohesion.

Collective Efficacy

The capacity of a community to regulate the behavior of its members.

Primary Deviance

Deviant acts committed without awareness of being against societal norms; typically experimental and considered minimal in seriousness.

Secondary Deviance

When a person has been labeled as deviant and continues to offend, often after being labeled.

Tertiary Deviance

When an individual seeks to normalize their behavior post-labeling by rejecting negative connotations and redefining their actions.

Conflict Theory

Explains crime as a rational act influenced by social conditions, with emphasis on how the dominant class enforces control and sanctions.

Internal Constraints

Factors within an individual that influence their propensity to engage in deviance or crime.

External Constraints

Environmental factors that influence an individual's propensity to engage in deviance or crime.

Reintegrative Shaming

A form of shaming that welcomes individuals back into society while recognizing their struggles and supporting rehabilitation.

Disintegrative Shaming

Excluding individuals from society, resulting in negative implications that can lead to more serious crime.

Witnessed Violence vs. Direct Violence

A distinction in the experience of violence where one observes violence versus being directly involved in it.

Neighborhood Repair

The willingness of residents to improve their neighborhoods and enforce acceptable behaviors.

Juvenile Delinquency

The behavior of minors that is against the law, often analyzed by spatial factors and community influence.

Social Cohesion

The bond that brings community members together, crucial for crime control.

Emotional Regulation

The ability of individuals to manage their emotions, often impacting their behavior.

Neural Mechanisms in Crime

Brain functions that may predispose individuals to criminal behavior based on genetic variants.

What is the "Orchid and Dandelion" analogy in the context of criminal behavior?

The analogy describes two types of individuals: 'Orchids,' who are sensitive and thrive in supportive environments but may turn to crime under stress, and 'Dandelions,' who are resilient and adapt well to adverse conditions, making them less likely to offend.

What are Cognitive Adaptations?

Cognitive strategies used to reduce the effects of strain.

What does Safety entail within trauma-informed care, and why is it important?

Safety emphasizes "ensuring safety"—both physical and emotional. This is foundational because individuals with trauma histories often feel unsafe, and a secure environment is crucial for healing.

What is the "Orchid and Dandelion" analogy in the context of criminal behavior?

The analogy describes two types of individuals: 'Orchids,' who are sensitive and thrive in supportive environments but may turn to crime under stress, and 'Dandelions,' who are resilient and adapt well to adverse conditions, making them less likely to offend. Its relevance is in understanding why certain people are vulnerable to criminal behavior, highlighting how environment affects individuals differently.