Disorders of Female Reproductive System (38)

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Health

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38 Terms

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Typical menstrual cycle
28 days (any bleeding signifies the first day... even spotting)
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When does ovulation occur?
About 14 days BEFORE the beginning of the next period
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Menarche
Beginning of menstruation
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Two phases of ovarian cycle
Follicular phase
Luteal Phase
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Follicular phase
First 14 days, FSH and LH stimulate the maturation of ova in prep for fertilization.

Estrogen peaks when ova is released (ovulation)
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Luteal Phase
Days 15-28, LH and progesterone, blood supply in uterus increases in prep for fertilized ovum.

If fertilization does not occur, lining of the uterus is shed
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Normal blood loss during period
40-80 mL
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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Extreme PMS (suicidal thoughts, despair, tears, panic, anxiety)

- Diagnosed based on symptoms in a pattern through more than three months
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Primary vs secondary dysmenorrhea
Primary = caused by hormones
Secondary = caused by something else (PID, endo)
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Interventions to help dysmenorrhea
- Heating pad
- effleurage (gently massaging abd)
- low fat diet
- pelvic rock exercises
- NSAIDS
- Foods that are natural diuretics (cranberry juice, asparagus, watermelon)
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Menorrhagia
Heavy periods
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Bacterial vaginosis
caused by imbalance of normal flora
- thin grey discharge, fishy odor
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yeast infection
caused by candida
- thick white discharge
- redness, itching
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Primary vs secondary infertility
primary = inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected sex
secondary = inability to conceive after having a child already
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Can high temps of scrotum cause infertility?
Yes
- avoid saunas
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What percentage of people have infertility
10.9% or 6.7 million
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Menopause definition
No period for 12 months
- caused by decrease in estrogen production
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Pre-menopause
Gradual decrease of hormones
- irregular menses
- vaginal dryness
- hot flashes
- night sweats
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Health risks of menopause
- osteoporosis (decrease in estrogen slows bone growth)
- Coronary heart disease (changes in lipid metabolism causing increase cholesterol)
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When should breast self exams be done?
1 week after menses begin
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Diet for women with hot flashes
soy, tofu, flax, cherries, yams, black beans
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You should not wear deodorant to a mammogram true or false
true
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What age do mammograms typically begin?
40 q yearly
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How often and when should provider breast exams be preformed?
Every three years during 20-30s
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How often are pap tests performed?
- every three years starting at 21
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Toxic shock syndrome
- Caused by trapping bacteria in the reproductive tract for long periods (tampons)
- High fever
- Dizziness, headache
- hypotension
- rash that looks like sunburn

CHANGE tampons every 4 hours
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Cervical cancer
Usually asymptomatic
- pap smear shows positive
- colposcopy is definitive

Risk increases with
- many sex partners
- multiple pregnancies
- Hx of HPV or STI
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HPV vaccine
Recommended for all ages 9-26
- can help prevent certain cancers associated with HPV
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Ovarian Cancer
Silent cancer
- asymptomatic until advanced
- Increased abd girth, feeling full when eating, urge to urinate
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Fibroadenoma
- Firm, rubbery, mobile nodules
-typically no change during period
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Fibrocystic breast changes
- Thickening of portions of breast tissues
- Worse with period

Eliminate alc and caffeine
- reduce fat
- NSAIDS
- Vit E supplements

Multiple lumps
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Intraductal papilloma
- Small epithelial elevations in the ducts of the breast
- can cause nipple discharge
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Risk factors for breast cancer
- Early periods
- Late menopause
(more estrogen exposure)
- women on hormone replacement therapy as well
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Types of benign tumors in female reproductive system
- fibroids
- Polyps
- Ovarian cysts
- PCOS
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Salping
Fallopian tube related
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Oophor
Ovary related
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Periton
Peritoneum related
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Can be caused by STI but not always
- Can cause infertility due to fallopian tube damage

S/s = pelvic pain, chandelier sign (pain with cervical manipluation)