- Diagnosed based on symptoms in a pattern through more than three months
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Primary vs secondary dysmenorrhea
Primary = caused by hormones Secondary = caused by something else (PID, endo)
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Interventions to help dysmenorrhea
- Heating pad - effleurage (gently massaging abd) - low fat diet - pelvic rock exercises - NSAIDS - Foods that are natural diuretics (cranberry juice, asparagus, watermelon)
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Menorrhagia
Heavy periods
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Bacterial vaginosis
caused by imbalance of normal flora - thin grey discharge, fishy odor
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yeast infection
caused by candida - thick white discharge - redness, itching
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Primary vs secondary infertility
primary = inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected sex secondary = inability to conceive after having a child already
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Can high temps of scrotum cause infertility?
Yes - avoid saunas
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What percentage of people have infertility
10.9% or 6.7 million
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Menopause definition
No period for 12 months - caused by decrease in estrogen production
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Pre-menopause
Gradual decrease of hormones - irregular menses - vaginal dryness - hot flashes - night sweats
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Health risks of menopause
- osteoporosis (decrease in estrogen slows bone growth) - Coronary heart disease (changes in lipid metabolism causing increase cholesterol)
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When should breast self exams be done?
1 week after menses begin
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Diet for women with hot flashes
soy, tofu, flax, cherries, yams, black beans
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You should not wear deodorant to a mammogram true or false
true
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What age do mammograms typically begin?
40 q yearly
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How often and when should provider breast exams be preformed?
Every three years during 20-30s
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How often are pap tests performed?
- every three years starting at 21
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Toxic shock syndrome
- Caused by trapping bacteria in the reproductive tract for long periods (tampons) - High fever - Dizziness, headache - hypotension - rash that looks like sunburn
CHANGE tampons every 4 hours
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Cervical cancer
Usually asymptomatic - pap smear shows positive - colposcopy is definitive
Risk increases with - many sex partners - multiple pregnancies - Hx of HPV or STI
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HPV vaccine
Recommended for all ages 9-26 - can help prevent certain cancers associated with HPV
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Ovarian Cancer
Silent cancer - asymptomatic until advanced - Increased abd girth, feeling full when eating, urge to urinate
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Fibroadenoma
- Firm, rubbery, mobile nodules -typically no change during period
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Fibrocystic breast changes
- Thickening of portions of breast tissues - Worse with period
Eliminate alc and caffeine - reduce fat - NSAIDS - Vit E supplements
Multiple lumps
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Intraductal papilloma
- Small epithelial elevations in the ducts of the breast - can cause nipple discharge
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Risk factors for breast cancer
- Early periods - Late menopause (more estrogen exposure) - women on hormone replacement therapy as well
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Types of benign tumors in female reproductive system
- fibroids - Polyps - Ovarian cysts - PCOS
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Salping
Fallopian tube related
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Oophor
Ovary related
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Periton
Peritoneum related
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Can be caused by STI but not always - Can cause infertility due to fallopian tube damage
S/s = pelvic pain, chandelier sign (pain with cervical manipluation)