Studied by 22 people
Typical menstrual cycle
28 days (any bleeding signifies the first day... even spotting)
When does ovulation occur?
About 14 days BEFORE the beginning of the next period
Menarche
Beginning of menstruation
Two phases of ovarian cycle
Follicular phase Luteal Phase
Follicular phase
First 14 days, FSH and LH stimulate the maturation of ova in prep for fertilization.
Estrogen peaks when ova is released (ovulation)
Luteal Phase
Days 15-28, LH and progesterone, blood supply in uterus increases in prep for fertilized ovum.
If fertilization does not occur, lining of the uterus is shed
Normal blood loss during period
40-80 mL
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Extreme PMS (suicidal thoughts, despair, tears, panic, anxiety)
Diagnosed based on symptoms in a pattern through more than three months
Primary vs secondary dysmenorrhea
Primary = caused by hormones Secondary = caused by something else (PID, endo)
Interventions to help dysmenorrhea
Heating pad
effleurage (gently massaging abd)
low fat diet
pelvic rock exercises
NSAIDS
Foods that are natural diuretics (cranberry juice, asparagus, watermelon)
Menorrhagia
Heavy periods
Bacterial vaginosis
caused by imbalance of normal flora
thin grey discharge, fishy odor
yeast infection
caused by candida
thick white discharge
redness, itching
Primary vs secondary infertility
primary = inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected sex secondary = inability to conceive after having a child already
Can high temps of scrotum cause infertility?
Yes
avoid saunas
What percentage of people have infertility
10.9% or 6.7 million
Menopause definition
No period for 12 months
caused by decrease in estrogen production
Pre-menopause
Gradual decrease of hormones
irregular menses
vaginal dryness
hot flashes
night sweats
Health risks of menopause
osteoporosis (decrease in estrogen slows bone growth)
Coronary heart disease (changes in lipid metabolism causing increase cholesterol)
When should breast self exams be done?
1 week after menses begin
Diet for women with hot flashes
soy, tofu, flax, cherries, yams, black beans
You should not wear deodorant to a mammogram true or false
true
What age do mammograms typically begin?
40 q yearly
How often and when should provider breast exams be preformed?
Every three years during 20-30s
How often are pap tests performed?
every three years starting at 21
Toxic shock syndrome
Caused by trapping bacteria in the reproductive tract for long periods (tampons)
High fever
Dizziness, headache
hypotension
rash that looks like sunburn
CHANGE tampons every 4 hours
Cervical cancer
Usually asymptomatic
pap smear shows positive
colposcopy is definitive
Risk increases with
many sex partners
multiple pregnancies
Hx of HPV or STI
HPV vaccine
Recommended for all ages 9-26
can help prevent certain cancers associated with HPV
Ovarian Cancer
Silent cancer
asymptomatic until advanced
Increased abd girth, feeling full when eating, urge to urinate
Fibroadenoma
Firm, rubbery, mobile nodules -typically no change during period
Fibrocystic breast changes
Thickening of portions of breast tissues
Worse with period
Eliminate alc and caffeine
reduce fat
NSAIDS
Vit E supplements
Multiple lumps
Intraductal papilloma
Small epithelial elevations in the ducts of the breast
can cause nipple discharge
Risk factors for breast cancer
Early periods
Late menopause (more estrogen exposure)
women on hormone replacement therapy as well
Types of benign tumors in female reproductive system
fibroids
Polyps
Ovarian cysts
PCOS
Salping
Fallopian tube related
Oophor
Ovary related
Periton
Peritoneum related
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Can be caused by STI but not always
Can cause infertility due to fallopian tube damage
S/s = pelvic pain, chandelier sign (pain with cervical manipluation)
