AML3031 - American Literature I (Quiz 1-5)

[mod 1] According to the Utopian Promise video, the Puritans believed they were the "New Christians."

False

(Exp: …WHICH THEY BELIEVED TO BE AT HAND. AND HE SAID WE ARE THE NEW ISRAELITES. THIS IS WHO WE'RE GOING TO BE. [see the 8:00 mark])

[mod 1] According to the scholars in the "Utopian Promises" video, what is significant about Winthrop's use of the "ship" metaphor?

The fact that he gives the sermon while aboard a ship; it emphasizes to his audience how dangerous is their mission and why they must put their trust in God

(Exp: 6:40-7:15

"FOR THIS END, WE MUST BE KNIT TOGETHER IN THIS WORK AS ONE MAN." WHAT BETTER THING COULD HE HAVE SAID FOR PEOPLE ON A SHIP?

SURELY THEIR NEAREST AND MOST

PROVOKING FEAR WAS NOT THAT 50 YEARS FROM NOW THEY WOULD BE CONSIDERED HISTORIC FAILURES, BUT THAT THEY MIGHT NOT EVEN GET THERE.

BUT WHAT HE SAYS TO THEM IS, IF YOU DEVIATE, THIS SHIP WILL WRECK. THERE WILL BE A SHIPWRECK. NOW, IMAGINE, THEY'RE ACTUALLY ON BOARD A SHIP.

IMAGINE HOW VITAL THAT'S GOING TO SOUND TO THEM. "WE SHALL FIND THAT THE GOD OF ISRAEL IS AMONG US "WHEN TEN OF US SHALL BE ABLE TO RESIST)

[mod 1] According to the "Utopian Promises" video, Puritan and Quaker writing:

Shared a love of the "plain" style; they believed it was a more "Godly" way of writing

(Exp: 3:15-3:25

QUAKER AND PURITAN WRITING SHARED A LOVE OF THE PLAIN STYLE: THE BELIEF THAT CLEAR, UNADORNED PROSE WAS MORE GODLY THAN THE BAROQUE STYLES FAVORED IN EUROPE. PURITANS AND QUAKERS ALSO SHARED MANY HOPES FOR THE NEW WORLD. "WE ARE TAUGHT AND COMMANDED TO LOVE AND HELP)

[mod 1] According to the video, the Puritans dominated New England for nearly 70 years.

True

(Exp: [Utopian Promises: 5:00 mark)

[mod 1] According to the Utopian Promises video, the Puritans believed they were "reliving" the Biblical narrative.

True

(Exp: [Utopian Promises: 9:06-9:30 mark

POINTED TOWARDS CHRIST'S RETURN, WHEN HE WOULD REDEEM THEM AS HIS CHOSEN PEOPLE. THEY THOUGHT THE BIBLE WAS NOT ONLY A DESCRIPTION

OF HISTORICAL EVENT BUT A KIND OF IDEAL PLAN AND ALSO A PREDICTION OF FUTURE EVENTS. PURITANS SAW THEMSELVES AS RELIVING A BIBLICAL NARRATIVE.

THEY LITERALLY SAW THEMSELVES AS CROSSING THE RED SEA WHEN THEY WERE CROSSING THE ATLANTIC, AS COMING TO THE WILDERNESS WHEN, IN FACT, THEY CAME TO FORESTS.)

[mod 1] According to the Utopian Promises video, typology is:

The use of Biblical scripture as a way to understand their experiences and to "predict" future events.

(Exp: [Utopian Promises: 8:40-9:33 mark)

[mod 1] Why did Williams initially write his "key into the language"?

As a memory aid

(Exp: "I drew the Materialls in a rude lumpe at Sea, as a private helpe to my owne memory, that I might not by my present absence lightly lose what I had so dearely bought in some few yeares hardship and charges among the Barbarians; yet being reminded by some, what pitie it were to bury those Materialls in my Grave at land or Sea;
and withall, remembring how oft I have been importun'd by worthy friends of all sorts, to afford them some helps this way.")

[mod 1] What is Williams's hope for this "key"?

That it might "unlock" more knowledge about the Native Americans and their way of life

(Exp: He hopes that it "happily may unlock some Rarities concerning the Natives themselves, not yet discovered.")

[mod 1] "The Bloody Tenet": Williams argues that a person cannot say they are true followers of Christ if they are willing to persecute people who are acting in accordance with a cause of conscience.

True

(Exp: "Whether thou standest charged with ten or but two talents, if thou huntest any for cause of conscience, how canst thou say thou followest the Lamb of God, who so abhorred that practice?")

[mod 1] "A Letter to the Town of Providence": What is Roger Williams's point in the example of the ship filled with people from diverse backgrounds?

That none should be forced to participate in religious practices they don't agree with

[mod 1] According to Winthrop, how can the Puritans achieve the "counsel of Micah"?

By working together as one unit

(Exp: He says:  "Now the only way to avoid this shipwreck, and to provide for our posterity, is to follow the counsel of Micah, to do justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God.  For this end, we must be knit together in this work as one man."

As seen in your open-access pdf:

“Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke, and to provide for our posterity, is to followe the counsell of Micah, to doe justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God. For this end, wee must be knitt together, in this worke, as one man.”)

[mod 1] Winthrop offers two sets of "rules" and "laws" that we should observe or be regulated by.  Which of the following does he NOT include?  Choose two:

• Preservation of future generations

• An eye for an eye

[mod 1] What "conclusion" does Winthrop draw in Part I of his "A Model of Christian Charity"?

That love and community within their ranks is integral to their survival

[mod 1] How would you describe Winthrop's style in "A Model of Christian Charity"?

It reads like a legal argument, with objections, questions, and answers

[mod 1] In "The General History," John Smith writes about himself in the third person.

True

[mod 1] According to Cabeza de Vaca, what is his remaining duty?

To transmit, or describe, what he saw and experienced during his time as a captive

(Exp: “To me, one only duty remains, to present a relation of what was seen and heard in the ten years I wandered lost and in privation through many and remote lands.”)

[mod 1] What gift does John Smith share with his captors that leave them "amazed with admiration"?

A compass

(Exp: “He demanding for their Captaine, they shewed him Opechanka∣nough, King of Pamavnkee, to whom he ga[v]e a round Ivory double compass D[i]al. Much they marvailed at the playing of the Fly and Needle, which they could see so plainely, and yet not touch it, because of the glasse that covered them. But when he demonstrated by that Globe-like [J]ewell, the roundnesse of the earth and skies, the spheare of the Sunne, Moone, and Starres, and how the Sunne did chase the night round about the world continually; the greatnesse of the Land and Sea, the diversi∣tie of Nations, varietie of complexions, and how we were to them Antipodes, and many other such like matters, they all stood as amazed with admiration.”)

[mod 1] John Smith uses his guide as a human shield.

True

(Exp: “Salvages, two of them hee slew, still defending himselfe with the ayd of a Salvage his guid[e], whom he bound to his arme with his garters, and [u]sed him as a buckler, yet he was shot in his thigh a little, and had many arrowes that stucke in his cloathes but no great hurt, till at last they tooke him prisoner.”)

[mod 1] According to Cabeza de Vaca, he could not convince the Indians that he came from the same background as the Christian slavers.

True

(Exp: "Finally, we never could convince the Indians that we belonged to the other Christians, and only with much trouble and insistency could we prevail upon them to go home.")

[mod 1] According to John Smith, he set the colonists to work, but he always took the greatest tasks for himself.

True

(Exp: “The new President and Martin, being little beloved, of weake iudgement in dangers, and lesse industr[y] in peace, committed the managing of all things abroad to Captaine Smith: who by his owne example, good words, and faire promises, set some to mow, others to binde thatch, some to build houses, others to thatch them, himselfe alwayes bearing the greatest taske for his owne share, so that in short time, he provided most of them lodgings, neglecting any for himselfe.”)

[mod 2] According to the "Utopian Promises" video, a jeremiad:

Explains how and why the community has failed in its promise to God; it emphasizes the need to restore the relationship with God

(Exp: [Utopian Promises: 12:49-13:20 mark)

[mod 2] Hannah Dustan's captivity narrative is an example of a jeremiad.

False

(Exp: Not quite.  Rowlandson's captivity narrative is, though.  See 12:45-13:20 in the video.)

[mod 2] According to the video, Rowlandson's story functions as an archetype; it emphasizes that "everybody's life is a wilderness life."

True

(See the 14:02-14:20 mark)

[mod 2] What advice does Rowlandson give to Mrs. Joslin?

To be patient and wait for God to bring about their release

(see the Third Remove)

[mod 2] Who is Mr. Hoar?

The man sent to bargain for Rowlandson's release

(See the Twentieth Remove)

[mod 2] What is Rowlandson's response to the couple who offers to help her escape?

She would rather wait God's time

(See the Twentieth Remove)

[mod 2] Who is taken captive along with Rowlandson?

Her six-year old child

(See the First Remove)

[mod 2] How does Rowlandson obtain a small piece of boiling horse foot?

She steals it from a child

(See the Nineteenth Remove)

[mod 2] What does Rowlandson learn from Robert Pepper?

How to cure her wounds with oaken leaves

(See the Third Remove)

[mod 2] What is a "remove"?

Moving from one location to another

[mod 2] How does Rowlandson obtain her Bible?

It is given to her after the raid on Medfield

(See the Third Remove)

[mod 2] Where is Rowlandson taken captive from?

Lancaster

(See Rowlandson's introduction (the section before her "First Remove")

[mod 2] Why is Rowlandson anxious about the ransom amount?  Choose two:

• She doesn't want to offend her captors by asking too little

• She doesn't want to burden her family by asking too much

(See the Nineteenth Remove)

[mod 2] Weetamoo is:

Rowlandson's mistress

(See the Third & Nineteenth Remove)

[mod 2] How long was Rowlandson a captive?

Eleven weeks

(See the Twentieth Remove)

[mod 2] In "The Prologue," Bradstreet says that if she is a successful poet, people will:

Say she got lucky

("For such despite they cast on Female wits:
If what I do prove well, it won't advance,
They'l say it's stoln, or else it was by chance.")

[mod 2] Like Rowlandson and many other female captives, Dustan resolved to bide her time until negotiations were made for her release.

False

(No. Dustan is the "avenger" that Derounian-Stodola identifies.)

[mod 2] In Bradstreet's poem dedicated to Queen Elizabeth, Bradstreet reflects on the first time she met the Queen before setting sail for the Americas.

False

[mod 2] In "A Letter to her Husband," what is Bradstreet referring to when she mentions "those fruits which through thy heat I bore?"

Her children

(This is a love poem. Bradstreet is recalling the passion she has for her husband, and she remembers this each time she looks at their children.)

[mod 2] Mather says that Hannah Dustan was like which of the following figures:

Jael

[mod 3] Franklin agreed with the Puritans in their beliefs about original sin.

false

(see 5:50 - 6:02

…AND I THINK THAT'S VERY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF AMERICAN CULTURE. FRANKLIN REJECTED THE PURITAN BELIEF IN ORIGINAL SIN. HE BELIEVED MAN BEGAN LIFE AS A BLANK SLATE AND THAT HE COULD SHAPE HIS OWN DESTINY. THROUGH CLEVERNESS AND HARD WORK, FRANKLIN IMPROVED HIMSELF FROM THE POOR SON OF A CANDLE-MAKER…)

[mod 3] According to the Spirit of Nationalism video, Franklin’s association as a “Leather-Apron Man” signified which of the following?

It represented working people

(See 5:43-5:50

…THAT IS, HE HAD JOINED A WORKING MAN'S ASSOCIATION THAT IN HIS DAY REPRESENTED WORKING PEOPLE. AND HE'S VERY PROUD OF THAT IN TERMS OF HIS OWN IDENTITY, AND I THINK THAT'S VERY IMPORTANT IN TERMS OF AMERICAN CULTURE. FRANKLIN REJECTED THE PURITAN BELIEF IN ORIGINAL SIN. HE BELIEVED MAN BEGAN LIFE AS A BLANK SLATE…)

[mod 3] According to the Spirit of Nationalism video, Franklin used his life to examine human conduct.

True

(see 7:48-7:53

…COLONIAL WRITERS LIKE CABEZA DE VACA AND MARY ROWLANDSON INTERPRETED THEIR EXPERIENCE THROUGH THE BIBLE.

FRANKLIN USED HIS OWN LIFE TO EXAMINE HUMAN CONDUCT.

HIS 13 VIRTUES ARE FASCINATING FOR SIDES OF FRANKLIN THAT WE MIGHT NOT REALLY THINK ABOUT. "ONE, TEMPERANCE. "EAT NOT TO DULLNESS.)

[mod 3] According to the Spirit of Nationalism video, Ann Petry’s novel The Street makes reference to what important moment in Franklin’s Autobiography?

The one where he’s walking down the street with very little money

(See the 11:35-12:05 mark

EVEN WHEN LEARNING SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE.

BEN FRANKLIN IS INVOKED IN A 1946 NOVEL BY A BLACK WOMAN NAMED ANN PETRY

CALLED "THE STREET."

AND THE HEROINE, THE PROTAGONIST, LUTIE JOHNSON, WHO'S A SINGLE MOTHER STRUGGLING IN THE GHETTO, AND WHAT IS SHE THINKING ABOUT AT ONE POINT?

SHE LIKENS HERSELF TO FRANKLIN, WALKING DOWN THE STREET. FRANKLIN COULD DO IT. HE HAD NO MONEY. HE'S WALKING DOWN THE STREET JUST EATING BREAD

BECAUSE HE HAD TWO CENTS IN HIS POCKET AND THAT'S ALL HE HAD. SHE THINKS, "I CAN DO IT, TOO." THE NOVELIST

HERMAN MELVILLE ONCE WROTE)

[mod 3] According to the Spirit of Nationalism video, one of the goals of the Enlightenment was to:

Make people understand they could control their own destiny

(see 3:35-3:42 mark

IT'S IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THAT ONE OF THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT WAS TO MAKE PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THEY COULD CONTROL THEIR DESTINY.

THERE WAS AN UNDERSTANDING THAT HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY COULD BE

CONTAINED AND COULD BE DRIVEN TOWARD THE CONTROL OF ONE'S DESTINY. THE SHIFT TO ENLIGHTENMENT THINKING…)

[mod 3] According to the Spirit of Nationalism video, Franklin is like Cabeza de Vaca and Mary Rowlandson in the sense that he uses the Bible to help understand significant moments in his life.

False

(see 7:48-7:53

…COLONIAL WRITERS LIKE CABEZA DE VACA AND MARY ROWLANDSON INTERPRETED THEIR EXPERIENCE THROUGH THE BIBLE.

FRANKLIN USED HIS OWN LIFE TO EXAMINE

HUMAN CONDUCT.

HIS 13 VIRTUES ARE FASCINATING FOR SIDES OF FRANKLIN THAT WE MIGHT NOT REALLY THINK ABOUT. "ONE, TEMPERANCE. "EAT NOT TO DULLNESS.)

[mod 3] According to the Spirit of Nationalism video, Franklin’s list of Virtues is somewhat dogmatic; it suggests that the way to truly be successful is to embody each of the virtues to their fullest.

False

(the scholars say it has a “wink-wink-nudge-nudge” quality to it.  See 9:00-10:00 mark

"CHASTITY. RARELY USE VENERY BUT FOR HEALTH OR OFFSPRING." WELL, WHAT ELSE ARE YOU GOING TO USE IT FOR? "NEVER TO DULLNESS, WEAKNESS,

OR THE INJURY OF YOUR OWN OR ANOTHER'S PIECE OF REPUTATION." IN OTHER WORDS, IF YOU'RE GOING TO GO ON A TEAR, KEEP IT QUIET,

BE DISCREET, NOT "THOU SHALL NOT SIN," BUT DO IT QUIETLY. GO TO LAS VEGAS AND TRY TO LEAVE NO TRACKS BEHIND YOU.

BUT WHERE HE UNDERCUTS THIS LIST OF VIRTUES IS 13 WITH "HUMILITY." AND THERE'S ONE LINE THAT FOLLOWS, "IMITATE JESUS AND SOCRATES."

HOW SERIOUSLY ARE WE SUPPOSED TO TAKE THAT? IT'S AS IF THERE'S A LITTLE WINK-WINK, NUDGE-NUDGE. YOU JUST CAN'T BE COMPLETELY SERIOUS. YOU KNOW HE'S STRAIGHT-FACED, BUT YOU CAN SEE THE CORNER OF HIS MOUTH TWITCHING.

"IMITATE JESUS AND SOCRATES." CLOSE EXAMINATION OF FRANKLIN'S WORK

REVEALED NUANCES AND CLEVER DEPTHS NOT SEEN ON THE FIRST READING. BUT WHAT I LOVE ABOUT FRANKLIN IS THAT HE PUTS IT IN…)

[mod 3] According to Franklin, his relationship with his landlady in Philadelphia was one of his first great Errata.

Ben & James have a disagreement, and Ben concludes that James will not present the new Indentured agreement.  He says:  "It was not fair in me to take this Advantage, and this I therefore reckon one of the first Errata of my Life."

[mod 3] Why does Franklin begin eating fish again?

Because he reasons that the fish ate other fish, so why shouldn't he eat them?

("But I had formerly been a great lover of fish, and, when this came hot out of the frying-pan, it smelt admirably well. I balanc'd some time between principle and inclination, till I recollected that, when the fish were opened, I saw smaller fish taken out of their stomachs; then thought I, "If you eat one another, I don't see why we mayn't eat you." So I din'd upon cod very heartily, and continued to eat with other people,
returning only now and then occasionally to a vegetable diet. So convenient a thing it is to be a reasonable creature, since it enables one to find or make a reason for everything one has a mind to do.")

[mod 3] What is the first thing Franklin buys when he arrives in Philadelphia?

rolls

[mod 3] Why does Franklin say that he began using words like "I conceive" or "I apprehend"?

It's an easier way to persuade people of your argument, and causes far less embarrassment if you are wrong

[mod 3] Franklin's father praises young Ben's efforts in leading the boys at their wharf building.

false

(Franklin "pleaded the Usefulness of the Work," but his father "convinc'd [him] that nothing was useful which was not honest.")

[mod 3] Why does Franklin take over James's paper?

James gets thrown in jail

[mod 3] For Franklin, an "Errata" is:

An error or mistake that can be learned from

[mod 3] What is the Junto?

Franklin and his friends get together to debate politics, culture, and literature. It also becomes an opportunity for networking.

("I should have mentioned before, that, in the autumn of the preceding year, I had form'd most of my ingenious acquaintance into a club of mutual improvement, which we called the Junto; we met on Friday evenings. The rules that I drew up required that every member, in his turn, should produce one or more queries on any point of Morals, Politics, or Natural Philosophy, to be discuss'd by the company; and once in three months produce and read an essay of his own writing, on any subject he pleased. Our debates were to be under the direction of a president, and to be conducted in the sincere spirit of inquiry after truth, without fondness for dispute, or desire of victory; and, to prevent warmth, all expressions of positiveness in opinions, or direct contradiction, were after some time made contraband, and prohibited under small pecuniary penalties.")

[mod 3] According to Franklin, appearances are not that important.

false

[mod 3] "On Being Brought from Africa to America": Who does Wheatley appear to be addressing?

Christians

[mod 3] Who or what does Wheatley say brought her from Africa to America?

Mercy

[mod 3] In "To His Excellency General Washington," how is Columbia portrayed?

As a golden-haired goddess

[mod 3] Sixteen men sign the preface to Wheatley's Poems on Various Subjects. Why?

To "attest" to her abilities; this would settle the question of whether she was capable to write poetry

(See the Module for more information; her preface also says:

"AS it has been repeatedly suggested to the Publisher, by Persons, who have seen the Manuscript, that Numbers would be ready to suspect they were not really the Writings of PHILLIS, he has procured the following Attestation, from the most respectable Characters in Boston, that none might have the least Ground for disputing their Original.

WE whose Names are under-written, do assure the World, that the POEMS specified in the following Page, were (as we verily believe) written by Phillis, a young Negro Girl, who was but a few Years since, brought an uncultivated Barbarian from Africa, and has ever since been, and now is, under the Disadvantage of serving as a Slave in a Family in this Town. She has been examined by some of the best Judges, and is thought qualified to write them.")

[mod 4] According to the video, the "explosion" in Douglass's use of "I" is an example of jeremiad writing.

false

(See 5:20-5:30.  According to the scholars, it's significant because, in using it, Douglass puts himself on equal footing with his (white) audience.

IN HIS NARRATION, DOUGLASS USED THE FIRST PERSON, AN EXPLOSION OF "I's" TO GIVE HIM EQUAL FOOTING WITH HIS WHITE AUDIENCE.

"I WAS BORN IN TUCKAHOE NEAR HILLSBOROUGH "AND ABOUT 12 MILES FROM EASTON AND TALBOT COUNTY, MARYLAND. "I HAVE NO ACCURATE KNOWLEDGE OF MY AGE,)

[mod 4] According to the Slavery and Freedom video, Douglass frequently read The Columbian Orator.  Which author featured prominently in some issues of the paper, almost undoubtedly influencing Douglass's thinking?

Benjamin Franklin

(See 7:40 - 8:48

AND FOR DOUGLASS, LITERACY EQUALLED A FORM OF POWER.

HE READ ABOUT FREEDOM, PARTICULARLY

"THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN MASTER AND SLAVE," WHICH WAS IN "THE COLUMBIAN ORATOR," AND HE UNDERSTOOD THAT AND HE JUST FELT THAT IT WAS HIS FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO BE FREE.

ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL BOOKS DOUGLASS READ WAS "THE COLUMBIAN ORATOR," A COLLECTION OF WRITING USED TO TEACH RHETORIC, THE ART OF PERSUASION.

IN ONE "ORATOR" EXCERPT, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY EXTOLS THE VIRTUES OF THE SELF-MADE MAN. "SELF-MADE MEN ARE THE MEN WHO OWE LITTLE OR NOTHING

"TO BIRTH, RELATIONSHIP, FRIENDLY SURROUNDINGS, "TO WEALTH INHERITED OR TO EARLY APPROVED MEANS OF EDUCATION,

"WHO ARE WHAT THEY ARE "WITHOUT THE AID OF ANY OF THE FAVORING CONDITIONS

"BY WHICH OTHER MEN USUALLY RISE IN THE WORLD AND ACHIEVE GREAT RESULTS."

PART OF DOUGLASS'S SUCCESS AS A WRITER WAS HIS CAPTURING WHAT

FRANKLIN ADVOCATED,

WHAT FRANKLIN REPRESENTED, AND RECASTING IT SO THAT IT WOULD FIT THE SLAVE CONDITION. DOUGLASS NOW UNDERSTOOD HIMSELF AS A MAN RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS OWN PERSONAL SUCCESS)

[mod 4] According to the video, the phrase "written by himself" (or herself) in a slave’s narrative was significant for many reasons.  Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons mentioned?

It meant “I am no longer a slave.”

(See 4:55 - 5:10)

[mod 4] According to the Slavery and Freedom video, what "dilemma" does Jacobs face?

how to tell her story without disgracing herself

(See 16:00-16:23

HE WOULD COMPEL ME TO SUBMIT TO HIM." IN WRITING HER BOOK, JACOB FACED A DILEMMA, HOW TO HONESTLY TELL HER STORY

WITHOUT DISGRACING HERSELF. SHE'S TRYING TO TIGHTROPE HER WAY BETWEEN, ON THE ONE HAND, CONFRONTING OPENLY AND ALMOST SCANDALOUSLY THE SEXUAL NATURE OF HER VICTIMIZATION,

AND ON THE OTHER HAND, TRYING TO MAINTAIN HER STATUS AS A PROPER WOMAN. "HE TRIED HIS UTMOST TO CORRUPT THE PURE PRINCIPLES…)

[mod 4] According to the Slavery and Freedom video, Douglass’s narrative says, in symbolic terms:

"Don't be afraid to resist."

(See 10:30-10:45

…EVEN DEATH ITSELF." IN SYMBOLIC TERMS, WHAT IT SAID IS WE ALL MUST RESIST. DON'T BE AFRAID TO RESIST. RISE UP AND OVERTHROW THE MASTER.

IT WAS A REVOLUTIONARY MOMENT. YOU CAN SAY THAT EVERYTHING SORT OF CONVERGES IN HIS SLAVE NARRATIVE SUCH THAT THE LANDSCAPE IS ALTERED FOREVERMORE)

[mod 4] According to the Slavery and Freedom video during this time period a woman's highest calling was to be a wife & mother. 

True

(See 14:00-15

…WAS TO RAISE THEIR FAMILY, TO HAVE CONTROL OF THE PRIVATE SPHERE. AND THAT WAS -- THEIR TRUEST CALLING WAS TO BE WIVES AND MOTHERS.)

[mod 4] According to the Slavery and Freedom video, Douglass's slave narrative was a testament to:

The power of African-American liberation

(see 11:40-11:50

IT WAS A TESTAMENT TO THE POWER OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN LIBERATION.

DOUGLAS'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY CLEARLY DEMONSTRATED THE CONTRADICTION OF HUMANS HELD IN BONDAGE)

[mod 4] According to the Slavery and Freedom video, Douglass "recast" Franklin's message so that it fit the conditions experienced by slaves. 

True

(see 8:40-8:45

WHAT FRANKLIN REPRESENTED, AND RECASTING IT SO THAT IT WOULD FIT THE SLAVE CONDITION. DOUGLASS NOW UNDERSTOOD HIMSELF AS A MAN RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS OWN PERSONAL SUCCESS

AND A MAN WHO DESERVED THE SAME RIGHTS WHITE MEN WERE GRANTED AT BIRTH. "THE MORE I READ, "THE MORE I WAS LED TO ABHOR AND DETEST MY ENSLAVERS.)

[mod 4] According to the Slavery and Freedom video, what is the “scrap of self preservation” that Jacobs clings to?

Her choice to have a relationship with Mr. Sands

(see 17:10-17:45

TO ANOTHER WHITE MALE VERSUS DR. FLINT.

JACOBS TALKS ABOUT THIS FRANKLY, SAYING, I DON'T HAVE THE FREEDOM THAT WHITE PEOPLE DO, THAT WHITE WOMEN DO.

AND AS SHE GOES ON TO SAY, "IT SEEMS LESS DEGRADING "TO GIVE ONE'S SELF THAN TO SUBMIT TO COMPULSION. "THERE IS SOMETHING AKIN TO FREEDOM IN HAVING A LOVER

WHO HAS NO CONTROL OVER YOU." HOW TINY -- WHAT A TINY SCRAP OF SELF-PRESERVATION THAT SHE HAS TO CLING TO, SAYING, WELL, THERE'S SOME,

YOU KNOW, THIS IS -- THIS IS SOMETHING.

"BUT, OH, YE HAPPY WOMEN "WHOSE PURITY HAS BEEN SHELTERED FROM CHILDHOOD. "DO NOT JUDGE THE POOR DESOLATE SLAVE GIRL TOO SEVERELY.)

[mod 4] According to Douglass, more people should declare their support the Underground Railroad since it has been a valuable resource for liberating so many slaves.

false

(He applauds their efforts, but thinks that publicly supporting the system does more harm than good:  "I would keep the merciless slaveholder profoundly ignorant of the means of flight adopted by the slave," he says.)

[mod 4] What does Douglass say was his turning point in his life as a slave?

His fight with Covey

[mod 4] What item does Douglass have with him during his fight with Covey?

A root

[mod 4] According to Douglass, why doesn't Covey punish Douglass for hitting him?

Because Covey doesn't want to damage his own reputation as a slave-breaker

[mod 4] According to Jacobs, why does Flint first hit her?

Because she says she loves a free black man and wants to marry him

(see Ch 7, "The Lover")

[mod 4] What does Jacobs do with "deliberate calculation"?

Has sex with a white man

(See Ch 10, "A Perilous Passage")

[mod 4] Publicly, Jacobs and her mistress, Mrs. Flint, do not like one another; privately, the women support one another and do what they can to help one another.

false

(Mrs. Flint is cruel to Jacobs.  Jacobs suggests that the institution of slavery makes it difficult for women to form relationships across race and class.)

[mod 4] Why is Jacobs's grandmother upset with her?

Because Jacobs has "disgraced" herself

(see ch. 10)

[mod 4] What is Jacobs's point when she directly addresses her audience of "happy women" and "virtuous reader[s]"?

That they cannot judge her because they do not understand what it is to be a slave woman

(see ch. 10)

[mod 4] What is Jacobs's reaction to seeing her bill of sale? 

She feels like she's been hit: even though she's grateful, she can't believe she's been "sold"

(see Ch 41, "Free at Last")

[mod 4] According to the module, what is one element of the Cult of True Womanhood?

Women should be pious and sexually pure

[mod 5] Choose an interesting, complex quote from this week's readings (make sure to copy/paste the quote at the top of your answer).

 What specific words are especially important that we should pay attention to? How do these words help us understand the significance of this quote with respect to the text as a whole? How might we connect this quote either to one of the texts we've read previously or to Pratt's notion of the contact zone?

I would ask if there cannot be as good feelings and principles under a red skin as there can be under a white? And let me ask, is it not on the account of a bad principle, that we who are red children have had to suffer so much as we have? And let me ask, did not this bad principle proceed from the whites or their forefathers? And I would ask, is it worth while to nourish it any longer?

- William Apess: An Indian’s Looking Glass for the White Man

William Apess critiques the racial prejudice and hypocrisy in early 19th-century America.  Key phrases like “good feelings and principles,” “bad principle,” “suffer,” and “nourish it any longer” emphasize his argument.

The contrast between the phrases "good feelings and principles" and "bad principle" asserts that the color of one's skin does not determine moral character. 

The “bad principle” of racism oppresses Native people and highlights societal issues over individual bias. The word “suffer” reflects the real pain inflicted by those in power. His question, “is it worth while to nourish it any longer?” urges readers to end the cycle of racism and embrace equality.

This quote encapsulates Apess’s central argument that the moral teachings of Christianity are incompatible with oppressing Native people. By appealing to his audience’s conscience, he encourages them to examine their principles. 

Connecting to Mary Louise Pratt’s concept of the “contact zone,” Apess addresses both Native and white audiences, using the dominant culture’s tools to challenge injustices. His call to confront harmful principles serves as a reminder of the ongoing need to dismantle systemic prejudice.

[mod 5] The Masculine Heroes video talks a great deal about how Cooper presents masculinity and how that connects to "female concerns." Explain how this is discussed in the video.

James Fenimore Cooper’s portrayal of masculinity, as highlighted in the "Masculine Heroes" video, emphasizes that his male heroes, like Natty Bumppo, embody responsibility and care, rather than just rugged individualism. They are protectors who engage in domestic and communal life, showing that true heroism involves empathy, moral judgment, and the ability to nurture and defend a community and not just physical strength or independence.

The video emphasizes that Cooper’s narratives frequently place his masculine heroes in contexts involving family, home, and the safety of women and children. These issues are traditionally viewed as "female concerns," but Cooper does not separate them from his understanding of manhood. Rather, he demonstrates that masculinity and femininity are interconnected; the health and survival of the community depend on both. For example, when his heroes defend women or help maintain peace in a settlement, they engage in acts that are as crucial as their more "masculine" doings of hunting or fighting.

Cooper’s novels challenge the idea that masculinity is solely about independence or violence. The Masculine Heroes video highlights that his heroes excel by balancing strength with compassion, valuing domestic life and relationships. This perspective broadens the definition of masculinity and elevates typically "female" values, positioning them at the heart of the American narrative Cooper seeks to convey.

(see 10:40-12:10

COOPER REALLY DID SET UP, FOR BETTER OR WORSE, MANY OF THE PARADIGMS OF WHAT CONSTITUTES AMERICAN MANHOOD. SO YOU HAVE, YOU KNOW, THE INDIVIDUAL

AND THE INDIVIDUAL AGAINST GREAT ODDS, AND THE INDIVIDUAL WHO ULTIMATELY CAN ONLY TURN TO HIMSELF FOR STRENGTH AND COURAGE AND MAYBE FINAL ANSWERS.

COOPER'S CREATION OF THE IDEAL AMERICAN MALE, THAT'S WHAT WE HAVE TO TALK ABOUT FIRST OF ALL. IT'S ALL ABOUT THE HEROIC MALE.

THERE'S A COMPLETE ABSENCE OF FEMININE CONCERNS. WHILE THERE WAS A LACK OF FEMALE CONCERNS, THERE WAS NO LACK OF FEMALE IMAGERY.

"THERE'S A PLEASURE IN DIVING INTO A VIRGIN FOREST "AND COMMENCING THE LABORS OF CIVILIZATION THAT HAS NO EXACT PARALLEL IN ANY OTHER HUMAN OCCUPATION."

THE COMPARISON OF AN AMERICAN LANDSCAPE TO A FEMALE BODY THAT NEEDS TO BE LAID OUT AND CONQUERED, THAT NEEDS TO HAVE A MALE FORM IMPOSED UPON IT,

AND IT'S AMAZING HOW PERDURABLE THOSE KINDS OF ASSOCIATIONS ARE IN THE PRACTICE OF AMERICAN MANHOOD. IN THE ROMANTIC ERA, WORKS BY WOMEN

WRITERS LIKE CATHERINE MARIA SEDGWICK

PROVIDED HEROINES WITH A DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW, BUT COOPER'S POPULARITY GAVE HIM THE LARGER INFLUENCE ON AMERICAN CULTURE.)

[mod 5] What does Apess say about the appearance of Jesus?

That he was likely a person of color

[mod 5] What is Apess's response to those who say that they are in favor of Native American rights and privileges?

He wonders why there aren't legal protections for Native Americans

("I know that many say that they are willing, perhaps the majority of people, that we should enjoy our rights and privileges as they do.  If so, I would ask, Why are not we protected in our persons and property throughout the Union?")

[mod 5] Apess frequently quotes from:

The Bible

[mod 5] The Cherokee Memorials make pointed reference to:

The Declaration of Independence

[mod 5] The authors of the Cherokee Memorials claim that:

They are a sovereign nation

[mod 5] According to its authors, why are the Cherokee Memorials produced?

By a sense of duty

[mod 5] In the "Iroquois Creation Story," who catches the pregnant woman as she falls?

A turtle

[mod 5] In the "Iroquois Creation Story," how is the world formed?

From the body of the pregnant woman

[mod 5] In the "Iroquois Creation Story," how does good mind "win" the final challenge posed by bad mind?

He uses the horns

[mod 5] In the context of the Cherokee Memorials, a memorial is:

A legal petition

[mod 5] Why might Cusick's reference to Columbus be significant?

Cusick emphasizes a long American history that predates the arrival of Columbus

(The reference is significant because it emphasizes that there was an American history long before Columbus arrived. Cusick writes:

"As the Ronnongwetowanea tribe were not numerous and deemed it inexpedient to raise a large force and therefore a few hundred warriors were sent to subdue them; after decisive contests the warriors gained the victory ; and it was supposed that the
Ronnongwetowanea tribe has ever since ceased to exist. (This fate happened probably about two thousand five hundred winters before Columbus discovered the America)."

[mod 5] According to the Masculine Heroes video, how did James Fenimore Cooper change American literature?

He introduced the figure of the western hero

(Ep. 5: Masculine Heroes — 9:40 -10:00

TO HAVE THAT SENSE OF BEING ABLE TO BEAR ANYTHING. HE CHANGED AMERICAN LITERATURE IN THAT HE INTRODUCED THE VERY IMPORTANT FIGURE OF THAT WESTERN HERO.

AND THAT HAS STAYED WITH US REALLY THROUGHOUT THE 19th CENTURY AND INTO THE 20th CENTURY.)

[mod 5] According to the Masculine Heroes video, Romanticism:

Focuses on the individual's relationship with nature rather than society

(Ep. 5: Masculine Heroes — 12:25 - 12:45

ROMANTICISM FOCUSES ON THE INDIVIDUAL, THE INDIVIDUAL IN RELATION TO NATURE MORE THAN TO SOCIETY.

MAN CAN'T JUST BE ISOLATED. AGAIN, HE HAS TO BE THERE WITH SOMEONE, WITH THE COMPANION WHO SHOWS HIS INTEGRITY AND COURAGE.

COOPER ESTABLISHED A PATTERN IN AMERICAN LITERATURE OF CLOSE MALE FRIENDSHIPS, FRIENDSHIPS OF DIFFERENT RACES OUTSIDE THE BOUNDS OF SOCIETY.)

[mod 5] According to the Masculine Heroes video, Cooper "equated Native Americans with unspoiled nature" and:

Both were threatened by westward expansion

(Ep. 5: Masculine Heroes — 13:45 - 13:55 :

COOPER EQUATED NATIVE AMERICANS WITH UNSPOILED NATURE, AND BOTH WERE THREATENED BY THE ADVANCE OF WHITE CIVILIZATION. HE IDEALIZED ONE TRIBE OF NATIVE AMERICANS

WHILE DEMONIZING ANOTHER. THE CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NOBLE RED MAN AND THE SAVAGE BECAME ENDURING STEREOTYPES IN AMERICAN CULTURE. IT'S FASCINATING TO ME THAT SO MANY FRONTIER NARRATIVES)

[mod 5] According to the Masculine Heroes video, John Ridge's bandit-hero is driven to being an outlaw because of:

White American racism

(Ep. 5: Masculine Heroes — 18:30 - 19:02 :
AND RAPED HIS SWEETHEART, HE REFUSED TO STOOP TO THEIR LEVEL. "I HAVE READ OF ROBBERS WHO DELIBERATELY RAVAGED

"TENDER AND DELICATE FEMALES AND AFTERWARDS CUT THEIR THROATS,

"BUT I DESPISE THEM. I AM NO SUCH ROBBER AND I NEVER WILL BE." SO HE'S DRIVEN TO OUTLAWRY BECAUSE OF WHITE AMERICAN RACISM.

AND THE NOVEL IS VERY SYMPATHETIC TO THAT POINT OF VIEW ALL THE WAY THROUGH. YOU'VE GOT THIS, THIS MAN WITH AMAZING HUMANITY,

WITH AMAZING MORALS AND ETHICS. RIDGE PORTRAYED JOAQUIN MURIETA AS HIGHLY MORAL, HIGHLY ETHICAL. HIS CHARACTER REGRETTED COMMITTING ACTS OF VIOLENCE)