Asian Worlds - Fall Finals (Geography, Trade and Multicultural Empires, Religion, Early Empires)

Yellow river

River that carried deposits from the plateau to popluated areas and caused flooding, shang dynasty

Loess Plateau

- Loess is yellow sediment from the Gobi
- Raised land and flat
- Bad for farming

Chinas sorrow

Name for yellow river cause by the devastation it caused

Yangtze river

The longest river of Asia, grows rice, economically developed regions

Grand Canal

Man made canal for trade and transportation because there was no natural communication north to south

Pearl river

Many farming areas and a trade route

Tibetan Plateau

Almost no one lives her but some farming

North China Plain

Geographic area that is very heavily populated, has fertile land and rice growing. It is prone to flooding from Yellow River

Gobi desert

High desert in china that blows into loess plateau

Taklamakan Desert

a desert that acted as a Buffer zone

Hexi (Hé xī) Corridor

Used to pass through deserts into China for trade

Manchuria

Different ethnic group, speakes different language

Steppes

Dry grassland, nomadic people live there

Pastoralism

Opposite of nomadism, sedentary lifestyle

Nomadism

A moving lifestyle, non sedentary, follow resources

Sedentary

Living in one place, agriculture land

Great Wall of China

Barrier for social reasons and military reasons, divided nomadic people and the Han Chinese with forts and soldiers along the wall

Irrigation

Supplied land with water, created relationships because of a need to communicate, rice farming

Wet rice agriculture

irrigation system that floods rice paddies, terdious, specific

Hu Line

Seperated the East and West of China, populated areas and unpopulated

South China/Southern Hills

Flattened for farming, a lot of populous

Yellow Sea

fed from the yellow river

South China Sea

Pearl river empties into it and it's used for trade

East China Sea

good for trading and the Yangtze river empties into it

Buffer zones

A Transitional area between two areas of different predominant land uses.

Indus River

many early civilizations formed along this river; however it is no longer monsoon fed instead it is fed by glacier melt from the himalayas

Ganges River

monsoon and glacier-fed river that grows wheat and rice for IVC and Gangetic plain. —> Urban development

Gangetic Plain

the bread basket of India and has very fertile land

Hindu Kush

"the mountains that kill the Hindus". Buffer zone between India and Pakistan. Feeds many rivers

Himalayas

Buffer zone that separate China and India. Land around the Himalayas is very earthquake prone. Also, they influence the monsoons and fed some rivers with glacier melt. very hard to pass through

Eastern and Western Ghats

influence the monsoon rains. West are isolating, east are great for wet rice and are densely populated, west traps monsoons

Deccan Plateau

A geographical area —> cultural difference from the rest of India and has the Dravidians, rasied and semi arid-tropical, hot and dry, monsooons from june to october

Khyber Pass

Many people invaded India through this passage. Also a great trade port.

Bay of Bengal

this body of water gets some monsoon rains in the winter and is used for trade

Indian Ocean

used for trading. brought ideas and new people who came and left with the winds

Arabian Sea

The water for the monsoon rains is picked up here and used for trading

Monsoons

In the summer the wet air is pulled from the Arabian sea to the Himalayas with extreme rains and in the winter the winds switch and the rest of the water is dropped along the eastern ghats

Thar Desert

Desert that is east of the Indus river

Indus Valley /Harappan Civ.

where the IVC was located and has the Indus river

Aryans

a group of people who migrated from central Asia and established a complex society in India. Areologists thought that they invaded the IVC (proved false)

Aryan Migration

A large group of speakers of Indo-European languages who migrated across Europe and Asia with horses and cow, this was thought to be the collapse of the IVC

Four Macro- Regions in India

1- Flat plain across the north, Ganges river
2- Central upland, dry and rugged, deccan plateau
3- Indus River, Himalayas to Indian Ocean, waters dry plain
4- Southeastern plain, wet rice paddies, agriculture, tip

Food in South China

More water led to more rice, sea food, cantonese food, grown from pearl river

Food in North China

Drier climate - Millet, grain, meat, beef, lamb, root veg

Food in East China

Sweet, fish, rice, soup, dumplings

Sichuan

Very spicy food and produce

Period of Division

The period spaning 6 dynasties after collapse of the Han: The three kingdoms, Jin, and Northern + Southern Dynasties

Ballad of Mulan

A poem composed during the Northern Wei, about Mulan. but main difference is she works with the army for 12 years

Tang Dynasty

The 3rd Imperial dynasty, inherted many things from its predecessors the Sui such as the Equal field system and
Imperial Examinations. it expanded trade, culture, and territory, becoming a golden age of Chinese civilization. They also reopened the Silk Road

Wu Zetian

A female ruler of the Tang
Concubine of the 2nd emperor
Became Empress of Wu Zhou Dynasty

Golden ages

A time of peace and prosperity with little to no wars with advances in art, literature, math, economy, and science and mix of cultures

Soghdians

Traders from Central Asia that brought their culture to China (clothes, horses, music, dance, sports).

Chang'an

Capital city of Han, Sui, and Tang, most popilous in world at its peak, elaborte mosques, various religions

Xenophobia

The fear or hatred of people that are not like you.

EX:

Tang decline led to rulers pushing back on cultural mixing that created Golden Age

An Lushan (Rebellion)

Contributed to fall of Tang
Led by An Lushan, powerful military general of Sogdian decent
Marched his armies of Beijing
Created parallel dynasty of Yan

Battle of Talas

A battle that began the fall of Tang. Abbasid Muslims and Tibetans cut off Chinese access to the Hexi Corridor

Song Dynasty

The 8th dynasty, known for its great technological innovation (gold age). It brought an end to the Period of Division. Confucianism reemerged during this time

Neo-Confucianism

a Chinese philosophical tradition that combines Confucianism with themes from Buddhism and Daoism

Yuan Dynasty

Mongol Empire - Led by foreign rule
Mongols conquered China and China conquered the Mongols

Kublai Khan

Founder of Yuan dynasty
Grandson of ghenggis Khan (Mongol Ruler)

Quanzhou

Flourishing the most during the Song Dynasty, it is a port city with rich multicultural life and great trade

Marco Polo

Explorer
Famous journery on Silk Roads

Ming Dynasty

The dynasty after the Yuan (fell because of natural disasters and inflation), they wanted to get rid of "Barbaric" Chinese culture. Their main religion/ideology was Confucianism

Yongle Emperor

Hong Wu's son
Kept priniting paper money for major projects, led to inflation

Zheng He

Chinese admiral that lived during the MIng dynasty. He led the seven treasure voyages, died before the last voyage

Delhi Sultanate

Islamic government
Rewards for convertion
Religious tolerance
Jizya tax

Islam

Religious pratice based on Hadith and Qur'an

Five Pillars of Islam

Shahadah - Faith
Salah - Prayer
Sawm - Fasting
Zakah - Tzedakah
Hajj - Pilrimage

Qur'an / Koran

The wholy book for Muslims,

Split into Suras (Parshat)
Organized from longest to shortest
Complete word of god
Means resutations

Urdu

Indo-Aryan language

Indo-Islamic Culture

Mixing of Muslim culture with Indian culture

Mughal Dynasty

Came from Mongol Empire
4 Policies: Marrying daughters of Rajput Kings, Abloshish Jizya tax, Reorganize and standardize empirial beuracracy, religious tolerance

Babur

First leader of Mughal Dynasty, was tolerant of many religions.

Rajput Kingdoms

Gahanapadas, organzied mariges with Mughals, between Dehli Sultanate and Mughals, led by Kshatriyas, RICH

Hamayun

Loved poetry, fell down stairs drunk and died, tomb is Indo-Islamic

Akbar the Great

Third Muhgal emporer, known for his policies of religious tolerance and cultural integration in India. He was seen as one of the greatest rulers of all time.

Jizya

Tax for non-Muslims

Godhism

A religion set up by Akbar to mix all the prominent faiths at the time

Fatehpur Sikri

Capital on Mughal Empire under and planned by Akbar, incorporated Indian and Persian in its architecture (Red)

Jahanjir

Son of Akbar, mixed religion court, got rid of Godhism

Shah Jahan

Mughal Emperor who liked art and archietecture - Made red fort and the Taj Mahal
Imprisioned by his son in Red fort
Made Taj Mahal for his favorite wife

Taj Mahal

Palace created by Jahan (Mughal Emperor who liked art and archietecture) to bury his wife (and later him)

Sikhs / Sikhism

- blended elements of both Islam and Hinduism
- believe that the goal of existence is to be freed from the cycle of rebirth, and to attain unity with God
- believe in the Hindu concept of reincarnation

Guru Nanak

Founder of Sikhism

5 K's

Kirpan - Dagger
Kachera - Shorts
Kesh - Uncut hair
Keshki - Turban
Kanga - Hair comb
Kara - Bracelet

Aurangzeb

Last important Mughal Empire
Not religiously tolerant

Treasure Voyages

Admiral Zheng Hi, Assert dominance, Ming Dynasty

The Aryan Migration

The migration of a large group of speakers of Indo-European languages who migrated across Europe and Asia with horses and cows.

Dravidians

Many Hindu beliefs stem from Dravidians
Added with Buddhism and Vedism to create Hinduism
Lived on the Deccan Plateau

Laws of Manu

Authoritative ancient Hindu texts that had Legal and behavioral codes and seperated everyone into Varnas and social structures. Included the caste system

Varnas

The four social classes or castes that divided hindu society

Brahmins

Highest arayan caste - priests
Passed on oral traditions of the vedas

Kshatriyas

Second varna (caste) - warriors

Vaisyas

Last varna considered Aryans - Herders, farmers, merchants, craftspeople

Sudras

Lowest caste, non arayans, workers, famers, etc

Jatis

5th caste, below the lowest caste, poor/dirty, “untouchable”

Rajas

Leaders of ancient cities in India, Hindu kings

Vedas

a collection of ancient Sanskrit texts that are the foundation of the Hindu religion which includes the Upinashiads. it is passed down by Brahmins and only read by twice born

Upanishads

Text about questions pertaining nature of existence and the universe

Atman-Brahman

Atman - The essence of a person whose at one with Brahman