Physics and Math - Fluids

MCAT Chapter 4

Fluids

Characterized by their ability to flow and conform to the shapes of their container

Solids

Do not flow, rigid to retain a shape independently in their conditions

Pressure

ratio force per unit area

Atmospheric pressure

Changes with altidue

Absolute Pressure

total pressure exerted on an object that is submerged in a flow

Gauge Pressure

Difference between absolute pressure inside and atmospheric pressure outside

Hydrostatics

Study of fluids at rest and the forces and pressures associated with standing fluids

Pascal’s Principle

Fluids that are incompressible a change in pressure will be transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the containing vessel

Archimede’s Principle

A body wholly or partially immersed in a fluid will be bouyed upwards by a force equal to the weight of fluid that it displaces

Surface Tension

causes liquid to form a thin but strong layer of liquids surface

Cohesion

The attractive force a molecule of liquid feels toward other molecules of same liquid

Adhesion

Attractive force that a molecule of the liwuid feels toward the molecules of some other substance

Fluid Dynamics

study fluids in motion

Viscosity

The resistance of a fluid flow

Laminar flow

smooth and orderly, layers fluid flow parallel to eachother

Turbulent flow

rough and disorderly

Eddies

swirls of fluid varying size occuring downstream side of an obstacle

Linear speed

measure linear displacement of fluid particles in a given amount of time

Venturi effect

For horizontal flow their is an inverse relationship between pressure and speed, and in a closed system, there is a direct relationship between cross sectional area and pressure exerted on the walls of tube

How does circulatory system behave

closed system with nonconstant flow