Epigenetics in Psychology

This flashcard set covers key vocabulary and concepts related to epigenetics and its implications in psychology, based on the provided lecture notes.

Epigenetics

The study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence.

Epigenome

A dynamic layer of information associated with DNA that can be altered through various experiences and environments.

Phenotypic plasticity

The ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to environmental changes.

DNA methylation

An epigenetic modification that typically suppresses gene expression by adding a methyl group to DNA.

Histone acetylation

An epigenetic modification associated with gene activation, where acetyl groups are added to histone proteins.

Genotype-environment interactions (G×E)

The interaction between an individual's genetic makeup and environmental influences that shape behavior.

Cognitive plasticity

The brain's ability to adapt and change in response to learning and experiences.

Nurture

The environmental factors that influence an individual's development and behavior.

Mental health

A person’s emotional, psychological, and social well-being.

Stress resilience

The ability to adapt successfully in the face of stress or adversity.

Neural plasticity

The ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization.

Glucocorticoid receptor gene

A gene involved in the stress response, influencing how the body responds to stress.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs)

Enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histones, generally leading to gene silencing.

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs)

Enzymes that add acetyl groups to histones, promoting gene activation.

Methyl donor

A substance that provides methyl groups for methylation processes, significant in DNA and histone modifications.