Nursing Practice Experience Week 4

APGAR Score

An evaluation of the newborn's condition that is done immediately after delivery and again at five minutes. Determines if emergency care is needed.

APGAR Score

The _____ ______ rates:

Respiration, crying

Reflexes, irritability

Pulse; heart rate

Skin color of body and extremities

Muscle tone

Umbilical Cord

Clamping the _____ _____ at birth eliminates the placenta as a reservoir for blood. Starts onset of respirations.

Evaporation

Form of heat loss for newborn that occurs when baby with moisture on skin (bathing, vomit, wet diaper), is exposed to room air.

Conduction

Form of heat loss for newborn that occurs when baby comes into contact with a cold object.

Convection

Form of heat loss that occurs when newborn is exposed to air colder than body temperature.

Radiation

Form of heat loss that occurs when newborn is near cold objects.

Brown Fat

tissue designed for newborn heat
production. Highly vascular fat located
primarily at the back of the neck, axillae,
around the kidneys, adrenals & sternum,
between the scapula and along the abd
aorta.

Heat loss

Characteristics that predispose newborns to ____ ____ include: thin skin, blood vessels near the
surface, ↓insulating s/c fat, heat readily
transferred from internal organs to skin,
surface area › body mass

10

Newborns can lose up to __% of their birth weight by 3-4 days.

Birth weight

Losses to ____ ______ in newborns are secondary to the loss of meconium, extracellular fluid, and limited food intake.

10

Newborn weight loss is usually regained by day __.

2500 grams

Low birth weight is defined as a birth weight of less than _____ grams.

1500 grams

Very low birth weight is defined as less than ____ grams.

1000

Extremely low birth weight is defined as less than ____ grams.

Moulding

natural shaping of a newborn’s head during delivery

Stork Bite

common birthmark seen in newborns. It appears as a pink or red patch, often found on the back of the neck, eyelids, or forehead

Milia

tiny white or yellowish bumps that appear on a newborn's nose, chin, or cheeks. Caused by trapped keratin under the skin.

Mongolian Spot

flat, blue-gray birthmark often found on the lower back or buttocks of newborns. More common in babies with darker skin tones. Caused by a concentration of melanocytes

Erythema Toxicum

benign skin condition in newborns characterized by red patches with small, yellow-white pimples.

Port-Wine Stain

type of vascular birthmark that appears as a flat, red or purple mark on the skin, often resembling the color of red wine. It results from abnormal development of blood vessels and can occur anywhere on the body.

Strawberry Hematoma

common type of benign vascular tumor that appears as a raised, red mark on a newborn's skin. Grow rapidly for several months and then gradually shrink and fade over time, often resolving by the age of 5 to 10 years.

Acrocyanosis

bluish discoloration of the hands and feet, typically due to poor circulation and exposure to cold. It occurs shortly after birth and is usually benign, often resolving as the baby warms up and circulation improves.

Cephalhematoma

collection of blood between a newborn's skull and the periosteum that occurs during delivery.

Umbilical Cord

The ______ ______ has three vessels: 2 arteries and 1 vein.

Ortolani test

The ______ ______ is a physical examination method used to detect developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in newborns. During the test, the healthcare provider gently abducts the infant's hips while applying anterior pressure on the greater trochanter. A positive Ortolani sign is felt as a "clunk" or "click," indicating the femoral head moving into the acetabulum, which suggests a dislocated or unstable hip that is reducible.

Spina Bifida

birth defect where the spine and spinal cord don't form properly, causing an incomplete closure of the neural tube. It can lead to physical and neurological complications, varying from mild to severe, depending on the type.

40-60

During the first 2 days of life, a newborn will ingest __-__ ml/kg of food.

100-150

After the first 2 days of life, a newborn will ingest ___-___ ml/kg of food.

Vitamin K

______ ____ is a fat-soluble vitamin that is needed for the modification of certain proteins. Since newborns don’t produce vitamin K until 5-8 days after birth, it is routinely given as an injection.

Eye Prophylaxis

Antibiotics are routinely given to newborns to prevent eye infections as a result of birth.

Diamond; 2-4

The anterior fontanelle has a _____ shape and should measure _-_ cm on a newborn.

Triangle; 0.5-1

The posterior fontanelle has a ____ shape and should measure _-_ cm on a newborn.

Red Reflex Test

eye examination used in newborns to detect abnormalities in the eyes, such as cataracts or retinoblastoma. A normal test shows a red or orange reflection from the retina. An absent or abnormal reflex may indicate a serious eye condition.