Introduction to Anatomical Terminology and Body Systems

Flashcards covering anatomical regions, directional terms, body planes, cavities, serous membranes, abdominopelvic regions, and organ system functions based on lecture notes.

What anatomical region refers to the head?

Cephalic

What is the anatomical term for the forehead?

Frontal

What is the orbital region?

Bony eye socket

What is the nasal region?

Nose

What is the buccal region?

Cheek

What is the oral region?

Mouth

What is the mental region?

Chin

What are the otic or auricular regions?

Ear

What is the cranial region?

Surrounding the brain

What is the occipital region?

Back of head

What is the cervical region?

Neck

What is the thoracic region?

Chest

What is the sternal region?

Sternum

What is the axillary region?

Armpit

What is the mammary region?

Breast

What is the pectoral region?

Muscles of chest

What is the abdominal region?

Abdomen

What is the umbilical region?

Navel

What is the pelvic region?

Pelvis

What is the coxal region?

Hip

What is the inguinal region?

Groin

What is the pubic region?

Genital

What is the dorsal region?

Back

What is the scapular region?

Shoulder blade

What is the vertebral region?

Spine

What is the lumbar region?

Lower back

What is the sacral region?

Base of spine, between hip bones

What is the gluteal region?

Buttock

What is the perineal region?

Between anus and external genitalia

What is the acromial region?

Point of shoulder

What is the deltoid region?

Shoulder

What is the brachial region?

Arm

What is the antecubital region?

Anterior surface of elbow

What is the olecranal region?

Back of elbow

What is the antebrachial region?

Forearm

What is the carpal region?

Wrist

What is the manus region?

Hand

What is the palmar region?

Palm

What is the digital (fingers) region?

Fingers

What is the pollex region?

Thumb

What is the femoral region?

Thigh

What is the patellar region?

Kneecap/anterior of knee

What is the popliteal region?

Back of knee

What is the crural region?

Leg

What is the sural region?

Calf

What is the peroneal or fibular region?

Outer/side of leg

What is the tarsal region?

Ankle

What is the pedal or pes region?

Foot

What is the calcaneal region?

Heel

What is the plantar region?

Sole

What is the digital (toes) region?

Toes

What is the hallux region?

Big toe

What does 'Superior' mean in anatomical terms?

Toward the upper part of a structure or body; above

What does 'Inferior' mean in anatomical terms?

Toward the lower part of a structure or body; below

What does 'Cranial' mean regarding direction?

Toward the head end

What does 'Caudal' mean regarding direction?

Away from the head end

What does 'Anterior' mean?

Toward the front of the body

What does 'Posterior' mean?

Toward the back of the body

What does 'Ventral' mean?

Toward the belly side

What does 'Dorsal' mean regarding orientation?

Toward the back side

What is 'Superficial' in anatomical terms?

Toward or at the body surface; external

What is 'Deep' in anatomical terms?

Away from the body surface; internal

What does 'Medial' mean?

Toward or at the midline of the body

What does 'Lateral' mean?

Away from the midline of the body

What is 'Proximal'?

Closer to the origin of a body part or point of attachment to the trunk; near

What is 'Distal'?

Farther from the origin of a body part or point of attachment to the trunk; far

In anatomy, what is a 'Plane'?

Imaginary surface or line along which the body or structure is cut for anatomical study

What is the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?

Divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior parts; produces a longitudinal section

What is the Sagittal Plane?

Divides the body vertically into right and left parts; produces a longitudinal section

What is the Midsagittal (Median) Plane?

Lies on the midline and divides into equal parts

What is a Parasagittal Plane?

Not on the midline

What is the Transverse Plane?

Divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts; produces a cross section

What are the characteristics of the Dorsal Cavity?

Posterior cavity; encased in bone

What is the Cranial Cavity?

Formed by the bones of the cranium; contains the brain

What is the Vertebral Cavity?

Formed by the bones of the vertebral column; contains the spinal cord

What is the Ventral Cavity?

Anterior cavity; houses internal organs and is lined with serous membranes

Where is the Thoracic Cavity located?

Superior to the diaphragm

What are the Pleural Cavities?

Two cavities containing the lungs; serosa is the pleura

What is the Mediastinum?

Median space between lungs containing the pericardial cavity, heart, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and great vessels

What characterizes the Pericardial Cavity?

Contains the heart; serosa is the pericardium

Where is the Abdominopelvic Cavity located?

Inferior to the diaphragm; serosa is the peritoneum

What are the boundaries and contents of the Abdominal Cavity?

Superior to the pelvic brim; contains most digestive organs, kidneys, and most ureters

What are the boundaries and contents of the Pelvic Cavity?

Inferior to the pelvic brim; contains distal large intestine, remainder of ureters, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs

What is a Serous Membrane or Serosa?

Thin, double-layered membrane associated with the ventral body cavity

What is the Parietal Layer of a serosa?

Lines the internal surface of the body cavity wall

What is the Visceral Layer of a serosa?

Covers the external surface of the organs

What is a Serous Cavity?

Potential space between the parietal and visceral layers; contains serous fluid that reduces friction

What serosa is specifically associated with the lungs?

Pleura

What serosa is specifically associated with the heart?

Pericardium

What serosa is specifically associated with the abdominopelvic cavity?

Peritoneum

What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

What anatomical landmark serves as the center for the abdominopelvic quadrants?

Navel

Which region is top-right in the abdominopelvic area?

Right Hypochondriac Region

What is the Epigastric Region?

Top-center abdominopelvic region; superior to umbilical region

Which region is top-left in the abdominopelvic area?

Left Hypochondriac Region

What are the Right and Left Lumbar Regions?

Middle-right and middle-left regions; lateral to umbilical region

What is the Umbilical Region?

Middle-center region; navel lies in the center

Which regions are located at the bottom-right and bottom-left?

Right and Left Iliac/Inguinal Regions

What is the Hypogastric (Pubic) Region?

Bottom-center region; inferior to umbilical region

In abdominopelvic mapping, to whose side do 'Right' and 'Left' refer?

They refer to the patient's right and left sides, not the image