ENGLISH REFORMATION, COUNCIL OF TRENT & ITS AFTERMATH

Council of Trent

(1545-1563) Catholic church's response to the Reformation

Failure of Trent

No reunification of Church; fighting, persecutions among Catholics and Protestants, Anglicans continued

Reaffirmations of Trent

Scripture & Tradition, Faith & Good Works, 7 Sacraments, Mass as a sacrifice, transubstantiation

New Policies of Trent

Bishops cannot live outside their dioceses; Celibacy for Priests upheld; eliminate abuses surrounding the granting of indulgences; priests educated at a university or seminary; a catechism; a book of official daily prayers for priests (Breviary); an index (list) of books which were forbidden because they were judged to contradict Church teachings on faith or morals; missal that standardized the prayers and rituals of the Mass

Implications of Trent

ecclesia semper reformanda; role of nationalism and politics: need to recognize this in today's religious conflicts

Catholic church remained a "church of Trent" for 400 years - until Vatican II in the 1960's—left little room for ongoing reform

ecclesia semper reformanda

"The church is always in need of reform" (or literally, "the church always must be reformed")

Papists

derogatory term for Catholics

St Bartholomew's Day Massacre

(1572) - 80,000 HUGUENOTS KILLED BY ORDER OF THE FRENCH KING

Gunpowder Plot

1605 - CATHOLIC EXTREMISTS (e.g. Guy Fawkes) PLAN TO BLOW UP THE KING AND PARLIAMENT resulted in more severe persecution of Catholics

Defenestration of Prague

1618 catalytic event for start of 30 Years' War

30 Years' War

1618-1648 Europe- fighting over religion and control of land

Peace of Westphalia

1648 ended 30 Years' war: term same as Peace of Augsburg

Witch Hunts

1600's - 1700's conducted by both Catholics & Protestants- in Europe and America, "witches" (mainly unmarried or older women) as scapegoats for troubles

Henry VIII

Although once named "Defender of the Faith", he founded the Church of England with himself as head after being refused an annulment by the Pope

Act of Supremacy

1534 Parliament declares the king of England head of the church

Thomas More

Chancellor of England who resigned and was martyred for his refusal to support the English king as head of the church