Fatty Acid Synthesis

What molecule does fatty acid synthesis start with?

Acetyl CoA

What is the SUBSTRATE for fatty acid synthesis?

Malonyl CoA

What coenzymes are required to produce Malonyl CoA from Acetyl CoA?

ATP and Biotin (B7)

What enzyme is required to convert Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA?

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

What is the rate limiting enzye of fatty acid synthesis?

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

What is needed for fatty acid synthesis?

Malonyl CoA

Fatty acid synthase

NADPH

How much ATP is needed to form a 16 carbon fatty acid?

23 ATP

If you want to make a fatty acid longer than 16 carbons, what enzyme is needed?

Elongase

To create a fatty acid with double bonds, what enzyme is needed?

fatty acid desaturase

Which desaturases are more common/likely?

delta 5 and delta 6

What results when we use a desaturase on linoleic acid?

Arachidonic acid

What molecule is able to cross from the mitochondria to the cytosol?

Citrate

What is produced when citrate lyase is combined with citrate?

Acetyl CoA and OAA

What coenzymes are needed with citrate lyase?

ATP and CoA

What enzyme is required to produce malate from OAA?

Malate dehydrogenase

What do we need to convert malate to in order to cross the membrane to get to the mitochondria?

Pyruvate

What enzymes convert malate to pyruvate?

Malic enzyme

What are the byproducts of converting malate to pyruvate?

NADPH and CO2

What enzyme produces the NADPH in fatty acid synthesis?

Malic enzyme

What are the coenzymes for the pyruvate carboxylase enzyme?

ATP

Biotin

CO₂