ap world history unit 8 brain dump

Context of the Cold War

After the Tehran Conference, the Yalta Conference, and the Potsdam Conference, Truman and Stalin recognized their rivalry for dominance over Europe and Asia. Capitalism and communism existed in the US and the USSR respectively.

Rise of USA as Global Power

us industrial base stayed in tact after war

suffered least damage

funded european countries

developed atomic weapons

Rise of USSR as Global Power

develop atomic bomb in 1949

only country capable of competing with US

Anti-imperialist sentiment

opposed forced expansion

believed imperialism violated principle that just republican government must derive from consent of the governed

Causes of the Cold War

soviets want to spread communism

US wants to contain communism

Effects of the Cold War

fall of soviet union, freedom of soviet nations

vietnam and korean wars

military spending- arms race

communism scare in america, danger og nuclear war

Goals of Capitalism

Capitalism wanted an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Goals of Communism

means of production in the hands of the workers so they won't be exploited by owners

All own all in common, All contribute

A temporary central government oversees this transition from a capitalist society

Eventually a utopian-like brotherhood where all needs are met is established and the government dissolves

Non-Aligned Movement

indonesia hosts bangdug conference in 1955

form a group of states not formally alligned with any one side on the cold war

Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana

nonviolent protest leader for independence in gold coast

first prime minister of ghana

advocated for african unity- organization of african unity

NATO

1949- nations band together in the event of war to protect each nation involved

Warsaw Pact

treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain

Containment Theory

A U.S. foreign policy-George Keenan-1940s

United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances

helped weak countries to resist Soviet advances

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

modernize industy, reduce trade barriers, rebuild infastructure

Truman Doctrine

1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey

Domino Theory

A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Proxy Wars: Vietnam

eisenhower sent US troops to south vietnam to help them forght against the noth vietnam communits

US helped overthrow corrupt south vietnamsese ruler

Proxy Wars: Korea

UUSR sides with north korea, usa sides with south

douglas macarthur- commander of military from US

korea remains divided

Communism in China/ Mao Zedong

1949- 2nd country to adopt commnism

led long march in 1920, used guerilla warfare to take over country

leader of chinese communists

Great Leap Forward

mao urged effort to increase farm + industrial output, communes

rural communities- backyard industries produced steael

failed- bad wuality steel

communes- slow food output, famine

Cultrual Revolution

Mao's attempted to strengthen communism.

red guard- reinforced mao's teaching, purges communsit party of opponents

instil revolutionary vales in younger generation

Examples of Land Redistribution

communist revolution for vietnamese independence

mengistu haile mariam in ethiopia

land reform in korela india

white revolution in iran

Nationalism and Imperial Rule

nationalist leaders and parties in africa/asia want varying degrees of independence

colonies negotiated independence/ armed struggle

India's Independence

- British government agreed to the partition of India- couldnt afford to keep

- in 1947, Pakistan and India were independent

- mainly Hindu

ghandi- led nonviolent protest against britian

Indian National Congress

major political party- leading organization of indian independence

ghandi led, then nehru

Muslim League

an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations (1947)

Ghandi

leader of Indian National Congress, used non-violent protest to help gain Indian Independence

led salt march in 1930 to protest british taxing of salt

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

muslim leader of muslim league in india

wanted seperate state for muslims after independence

Partition of India

muslims feared for freedom, distrust since 8th century

muslims campaigned for independent country

pakistan and india form- 1947, free from british

Algerian Independence from France

1954-1962

Algerian war for independence- violent

inspired others to resist violently in africa + asia

Vietnamese Independence from France

french colony from 1874-1954

vietnamese want to expel french, US unsuccessful in trying to stop communism

Ho chi minh- declares independnce september 2, 1945, reads from declaration of independence

Colonies that negotiated independence

India from the British Empire, the Gold Coast from the British Empire and French West Africa

Armed Struggles for independence

- Algeria from French Empire

- Angola from Portuguese Empire

- Vietnam from French Empire

Balfour Declaration

British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI

arthur balfour- 1917

Creation of Israel

founded in response to diaspora

united nations divided land between jews and palestines

jerusalem= international city

Creation of Pakistan

seperate from india

against ghandis belief that muslim and hindu unification was necessary for indian unification

1947

Political changes that led to territorial changes

states created by redrawing of political boundries

israel

cambodia

palestine

Political changes that led to demographic changes

palestine splits into hamas and fatah

Examples of Government taking a strong role in economic development

gamal abdels promotion of economic development in egypt

indira ghandis economic plans in india

julius nyerenes modernization in tanzinia

Gamel Abdel Nasser in Egypt

president of egypt- 1956-1970

suez crisis- nationalized canal, causes dispute between him, fance, and britian

Suez Canal Crisis

Military attack on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel in 1956 after Egypt seized the Suez Canal from British administration.

eisenhower forcs france, britian, and israel to withdraw

Imperial Metropoles

"mother city"; many people from former colonies moved to these locations; maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony even after the dissolution of empires;

examples: South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France, Filipinos to the United States

African National Congress

South African political party established in 1912 by elite Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society; it only gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 1994.

led by nelson mandela

Nelson Mandela

South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994

Apartheid

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

Al-Qeada violence against civilians

used fundementalist version of islam to justify attacks

responsible for 9/11, hijacked planes- crashed in ny, dc, and Pennsylvania

MLK's use of Nonviolence

powerful speaker, p.h.d in theology

believed the only way to end racism was through passive nonviolent resistance

inspired by ghandi

Mutually Assured Destruction

(MAD) if either US or the USSR was hit with a nuclear weapons they would respond with the same

agreed not to, would cause defeat for both nations

Causes of the Cold War in the Western Hemisphere

tensions with soviets, want to contain communism

Causes of the Cold War in the Eastern Hemisphere

USSR wants to expand communism

Collapse of the Soviet Union

collapse after war

communism collapses 1989-1991

economic stagnation, independence push for soviet block union, work of mikhail gorbackev

Glasnot

policy of mikhail gorbachev

called for openness with western nations

relaxed restraints of soviet citizenry

Perestroika

A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society

Tiananmen Square incident

political + social protest done by university students in beijing, 1989

military ended it- hundreds of deaths- thousands injured, many imprisoned