Exam 2 Marketing

Freeman’s Bureau

Bureau agents were supposed to establish
schools, provide aid to the poor and aged,
settle disputes between Whites and Blacks
and among the freed people, and secure for
formerly enslaved and White unionists equal
treatment before the court

Problem of corruption

Best resort for freedom

Sharecropping

a system where the
landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the
land in exchange for a share of the crop. This
encouraged tenants to work to produce the
biggest harvest that they could, and ensured
they would remain tied to the land and
unlikely to leave for other opportunities

13th amendment

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime whereof the
party shall have been duly convicted, shall
exist in the United States, or any place subject
to their jurisdiction. Abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Citizenship granted to all persons “born or naturalized in the United States, including formerly enslaved people. Citizens are equally protected under the laws.

15th Amendment

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Black Codes

Laws created to restrict rights and freedoms of African Americans

Restricted travel, different laws and punishments, limited employment choices and strict labor contract, Banning the bearing arms

Presidential Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson as southern apologist

Rejected Land reform

Offered full pardons to confederates willing to formally swear loyalty to the union

resulted in confederate states largely returning power to confederate politicians. Keeping the power structure in the south

Radical Reconstruction

Radical Republicans in congress taking control of reconstruction from President Andrew Johnson

protect rights and opportunities for freed slaves

Punish the confederate leaders after the Civil War

Redemption

Religious term that southern white elites came up with to take back power. Trying to undo gains made by the republican party and black people following the civil war. Southern Democrats unwilling to accept change after they lost their political power

Andrew Carnegie

Early investor of railroads during and after civil war, founded U.S. steel, vertical integration, worth $350 million, U.S. Steel as monopoly on steel production, made railroads possible.

Chinese RR workers

Came in the 1850s for the California goldrush

15,000-20,000 of the 21,000 workers were Chinese men

Paid less than half; subjected to racial prejudice

Had to provide their own food and shelter

Second Indians appropriations act

Stripes sovereignty from all indigenous nations. and invalidates all treaties with indigenous nations

Homestead Act

Opened up millions of acres of land for settlement, which pushed Native Americans further from their homelands or onto reservations. Blacks cut out of homestead act, any native born male and head of household could claim it. for $1.65 an acre

Dawes Act

Assimilate Native Americans into American culture. Indians Disavowed their traditions culture to become truly American. and become American citizens

Wounded Knee

US army massacres Lakota Sioux tribe for Ghost Dance Movement. 250 Male, females, and children were killed, 51 wounded. 25 US soldiers were killed and 39 wounded.

Plessy v Ferguson

A legal case that US supreme court put forward the controversial separate but equal doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws.

Jim Crow Laws

Denying Blacks to vote, Denying them rights to hold jobs, denying them right to get an education, outlawing interracial marriage, Mandating segregation of school, parks, libraries, drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, trains, and restaurants

Homestead Strike

Occurred at Carnegie plant, it was a strike on against cut wages and attempting to break union. leading to confrontation with Pinkertons being hired. 16 were killed and many were injured.

Coxes’ army

Coxe with 500 others in support marched to Washington in hopes to persuade congress to authorize program of public roadbuilding, financed by substantial increase of money in circulation to provide jobs. However, he was arrested and jailed for trespassing on the lawns of capital

Populist party

political alliance between industrial unionists and
farmers. Graduated income tax, direct election of senators, government control of currency, graduated income tax, public financing for farmers.

Progressivism

Broad based reform movement led by middle
class activists and elites to reform American
society. Supported women’s suffrage, supported disenfranchisement of blacks and immigrants. Broad interpretation of the constitution to address modern ills

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Deadliest industrial disaster in New York
City history. 123 women and girls and 23 men died. 62 people jumped from the windows to
avoid burning to death. Doors and exits locked to keep workers from slacking

Industrial freedom

arguing for workers should have some control-to-control what’s going on in the workplace. And shouldn’t have to work long hours for something

Spanish American War

US positioned themselves as the saviors of
Cuba, Haiti, and the Philippines from Spanish
rapaciousness. Establishment of colonial/dependent relationships with Cuba, Haiti, and the Philippines through WWII.

Open-door policy

All Europe would have equal access to trade with the Chinese

Margaret Sanger

Birth Control, pioneered American sex education, believed only those who could afford a child should have one, worked with eugenicists and kkk to promote birth control

Jane Addams

running social house/service house. devoted to
providing services to poor immigrant
women.

Women’s suffrage

Fight to get women to vote. more than half of the states allowed women to vote in legal
elections dealing with school issues. Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah adopted full women’s
suffrage

Economic Citizenship

Belief that citizenship
should guarantee one’s
right and freedom to labor
as well as equal and
liveable wages.
• Minimum wage laws.
• Child labor laws.
• Union protections.
• Maternal leave.
• Price controls by the
government.