X-ray Production PowerPoint Part 4

The x-ray emission spectrum ejects _________ at random.

x-rays

These x-rays ejected by the emission spectrum would best be plotted on a __________.

bar graph

A _________ spectrum contains only specific values, while a ________ spectrum contains all possible values.

discrete, continuous

For an x-ray emission spectrum, you would "catch" each _______, and measure its energy. You would then categorize it by each _______ level.

photon, energy

The relative number of x-rays emitted is plotted as a function of the _________ of each individual x-ray. X-ray energy is the _______ that is considered.

energy, variable

Special tools are used to "catch" each photon and ________ each photon by _______.

identify, energy

This process helps us see how changing technical factors changes the ____________.

tube output

Characteristic x-rays occur at _______ energies. It depends on the difference in ______________ of the target element.

discrete, electron binding energy

The characteristic x-ray emission spectrum has _____ discrete energy levels.

15

energy level of each shell:

K= ?

L=?

M=?

N=?

0=?

P=?

5,4,3,2,1,0

(added they = 15)

Discrete energies = ?

discrete spectrum (bar graph)

Bremsstrahlung x-ray energy occurs from ___ to _____ electron energy.

0 to peak

If the maximum photon-energy is 150 KeV, that means the kVp is set to _______. The height of the curve is the number of _________.

150 kVp, photons (mAs)

The Bremsstrahlung spectrum is a ___________ spectrum.

continuous

In the Brems spectrum, the greatest number of x-rays have an energy about _______ of the peak value.

1/3

At 100 kVp, most of the photons would have ______ KeV.

33

The spectrum has a bell shaped curve. Under the amplitude (height) of the curve is the __________. And how far the graph goes to the right is the ________.

quantity (y-axis), quality (x-axis)

Quantity refers to mAs: The number of ________ hitting the target and the number of ________ in the useful beam.

electrons, photons

Quality refers to kVp: the average _________ level of the electrons hitting the target, and the ___________ of the x-ray beam.

energy, penetrability

What are the 5 factors affecting the X-ray Emission Spectrum?

1. mAs- tube current

2. kVp- tube voltage

3. added filtration

4. target material

5. generator phasing

Doubling mA will...

double the amount of electrons crossing the tube and double the amplitude of the curve

Exposure time determine the...

length of time x-rays are produced

Increasing the exposure time will...

increase the number of x-rays produced

Increasing kVp will...

increase the amplitude by the square of the factor and shift the position the the right (increase average energy)

Increasing the kVp by 15% will _____ the mAs.

double

Filtration reduces the number of...

low energy photons

Filtration increases the...

average energy of the photons, this will move the position to the right and decrease the amplitude

What kind of filtration is added to the x-ray beam to absorb low energy photons?

Aluminium filtration

What is inherent filtration and added filtration?

inherent: naturally there

added: aluminum

These reduce patient exposure

Wedge filter vs trough filter

used for nonuniform anatomy areas, evens out the exposure of each area

The ____ of the target material affects both quantity and quality.

Z#

The Brems spectrum shifts to the right and increase in amplitude with a _________ Z#.

higher

The Characteristic spectrum shifts to the right with a ______ Z#.

higher

List the Voltage Waveforms form lowest to highest.

single phase, 3 phase, high frequency

What voltage wave form is most common and most efficient?

high frequency

As the efficiency of the waveform increases...

the quantity and quality increase

Still learning (1)

You've started learning these terms. Keep it up!