Science Sem 1 Year 10

Gravity

________- all objects with a mass are attracted to one another.

DNA

________ is a code which is read in groups of 3 nucleotides.

Nuclear reactions

________ cause a lot of energy to be released.

Electromagnetic

________- due to charged particles interacting.

Airbags

________ protect you from hard things and to slow down your deceleration.

RNA

Mutations can result in a change to the ________ created during transcription and the polypeptides /proteins created during translation.

Austrian monk

Mendel, a(n) ________, understood and proved as far back as the mid 1800s that traits were passed down from parent to child.

atomic number

The ________ increases by one during beta decay as a neutron decays into a proton, an electron and an antineutrino.

Proteins

________ are large, complex macromolecules made up of one or more long chains called polypeptides.

decay curve

A(n) ________ shows how the number of nuclei of a radioactive element decreases with time.

Kinematics

________ is the science of describing the motion of objects using words, diagrams, numbers, graphs and equations.

genetic material

A mutation is a change in the ________ of a cell.

standard unit

The ________ for acceleration is metres per second per second (m /s /s or m /s^2)

Displacement

________: change in position, most direct route from start to finish.

Technetium 99m

________ and iodine- 123 are used regularly in medical diagnosis and have half- lives of 6.0 and 13.3 hours respectively.

resistance

Frictional forces- tension forces- normal forces- applied forces- air ________ forces.

Beta

________- an atom decays into a new atom by changing a neutron into a proton and electron.

Inertia

________ causes your head to keep moving in the direction it was before the crash.

Nuclear fission

________- a large nucleus is broken apart to form smaller daughter nuclei.

fast moving

The ________, high energy electron is called a beta particle.

Gamma

________- after alpha or beta decay surplus energy is sometimes emitted.

Nucleotides

________ are made of a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule and a nitrogenous base (the A, T, G or C that makes it unique)

Adenine

________ always pairs with Thymine.

Gamma radiation

________ is part of the electromagnetic spectrum; a wave with a very high frequency, very short wavelength.

Deoxyribonucleic acid

________ is a molecule that contains genetic information.

Acceleration

________ is a vector so it has magnitude and direction.

Guanine

________ always pairs with Cytosine.

Isotopes

________ occur when an atom has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Vector

________- speed in a given direction-= displacement /time- units: m /s.

Scalar

________- how fast something is moving-= distance /time- units: m /s.

Deceleration

________ is just negative acceleration.

gravity

all objects with a mass are attracted to one another

electromagnetic

due to charged particles interacting

weak force

a force inside a proton

strong nuclear force

binds protons together in the nucleus

an object can continue moving without a force being applied to it

inertia (1st Law)

if forces in opposite directions are equal then they are balanced

there is no acceleration

if forces in opposite directions are not equal then they are unbalanced

there is acceleration

Speed is distance divided by time

speed = distance/time

distance

total length of journey travelled

displacement

change in position, most direct route from start to finish

speed

how far an object travels in a given time interval

average speed

distance travelled along an objects path divided by the time it takes to travel this distance

velocity

how far an object has been displaced in a given time interval

average velocity

displacement of an object divided by the time it takes to travel this distance

cells contain organelles

small structures that perform specific functions and processes to keep cells alive

there are three types of mutagens

chemical, physical and biological

another incredibly useful application of GMO is the addition of the gene for insulin into bacteria

the bacteria will produce insulin which can be collected and used as medicine for people living with diabetes

however, radioactive atoms are not

they are unbalanced and unstable

alpha

an atom decays into a new atom and emits an alpha particle (2 protons and 2 neutrons)

beta

an atom decays into a new atom by changing a neutron into a proton and electron

gamma

after alpha or beta decay surplus energy is sometimes emitted

a nucleus that changes one of its neutrons into a proton with the simultaneous emission of an electron

this is beta decay

emitting a helium nucleus

this is alpha decay

nuclear fission

a large nucleus is broken apart to form smaller daughter nuclei

nuclear fusion

two smaller nuclei are fused together to form larger nuclei

some elements decay naturally

by going under alpha, beta or gamma decay