What is Animal Science

What is animal science

often framed as the focus of the production of:

• meat

• milk

• eggs

• fiber

• work

but edges on several other disciplines

what is significant of reproductiove physiology

• it has a lot of crossover in other species

• reprodcutive physiology

• genetics

• argonomy

• psychology- crirticl o animal behavior and welfre

• engineering- creating a low stress envionrment to the

• food safety

true or false: aside from meat, milk, eggs, and fiber there is a tremendous amount of byproducts generated

true

true or false: we want to caputre as much value as possible from by products and minimize waste as much as possible

true

true or false.. researchers fall into just one bucket

false

What 4 aspects make up animal science

• conception to death

• behavior and management

• physiology and psychology

• reproduction to product distribution

what are the 5 goals of animal science

• Optmize use of resources

• Produce safe, palatable, nutritious, affordable food

• Provide pleasure, recreation, performance ( horses)

• Provide careers and income for all in process

• Minimize environmental impact, maintain renewable resources

what would fall under the goal of optimizing the use of resources

• labor

• capital

• animals

• environment

we are tryign to have the most productivity at the least cost for envionemental impact

what speciies is providing please , recreation, ad performance mainly about

horses

What determines what kinds of food/feed can be grown

• climate ( rainfall, temperature, humidity)

• soil types

what are the two sciences that researchers could fall in

applied or basic science

which discipline do these fall under:

• meat science

• dairy products

products

which discipline do these fall under:

• behavior

• welfare

ethology

which discipline do these fall under:

• immunology

• biosecurity

• nutrition

• production

animal health

which discipline do these fall under:

• food safety

• nutriton

• health

• production

microbiology

which discipline do these fall under:

• reproduction

• mammary

• digestive

• muscle

physiology

which discipline do these fall under:

• ruminant

• nonruminant

• equine

nutrition

which discipline do these fall under:

• quantitiative

• molecular

• animal breeding

genetics

OVERALL what is animal science

the collective study of domestic animals

what aspects does animal science include

• conception to death

• behavior and managment

• physiology and psychology

• rerdcution to product distribution

what is the core of careers in animal science

production

what makes up production as a core career in animal science

• aquaculture

• beef

• airy

• feed

• goat

• horse

• meat

• pultry

• sheep

• swine

what allied industries usupport animal production

• sales in marketing

• national and state organizations

• agricultural communications

• breeding nd genetics

• food safety

• anmal health

• biotech

• pharmaceutical

• nutrition

• reproduction

• veterinarian

what is the significance of these listings:

• government

• law

• education

• business and finance

• marketing

• companiona nimals

• wildlife biology

• human nutrition

• human medicine

• dentistry

many students in animal science do not automatically go in to veterinary school, they often find that animal science can follow them in different avenues

where is animal science.. how do we determine where to place animals or grow product

• what can be grown on a given piece of land

  • climate

    • rainfall

    • temperature

    • humidity

  • Can livestock or products tolerate the area

where does more than half the fruits and veggies grown in the united states get produced from

california

why is california very good at producing more than half of the products grown in the US.. what s the significance of the cental valley

• it has good fertile soil

• climate that allows for 2 or 3 crops to grown on the same land in the given year

whats the main issu that may prevent california’s central value from producing as much as it does in the US

there is a lot of debate of who ges the priority of usin ghte water in that area

who is2n best at producing producst in the US

Florida

how is florida good at production in the US

• very productive land- has muck soil for fruit and veggie production

• climate allows for a long growin gseason of multiple crops

Not all land is as productve as caifornia or florida… why is this

most lan doesnt have

• the right climate

• rainfall

• growing season

• soil

to grow the volume liek california and florida

What is signifcant about the midwest and it’s cornbelt

• very fertile

• productive lan

• shorter growin gseason ( 1)

• limited to cros growing in a very narrow window

• corn is grown here

why is corn mainly what can be grown in the cornbelt

• it is the most clorie dense food in the limited time availble in the midwest - other crops are less productive or need more time and rain being not as productive

What is significant about the appalachain mountains

• lnd is too steep or rocky to support cultivated vcrosp

• you can grow grass and grow cattle

what is significant about hte high plains

it has 1000 to 7000 ft in elevation..does not get enough rain to support many tress so you end up with a lot of prarie

what are 2 significant areas within the hight plains

• sandhills of nebraska

  • area of hills of sand held i nplace by grass, sand would blow away crops but the grass can help raise cattle

• flint hills

  • rolling hills with tall grass prarie-

  • too rocky to cultivate

  • supprot a lot of grass= lots of cattle

west - hill country signifcacne

• texas planes

  • not enough water to cultivate crop but cattle can get nutious from pods

  • nothing cn

What is importnt to recognize in food prodcution when also dealing with land trade

NOT ALL LAND IS EQUAL

Consumer choice is often based on perception because…

we go after the most visaully apealing product

lbeling claims

• claim must be true, but may not be always meaningful

what are the significance fo these labels:

• branded

• natural

• certified

• vegetarian fed

• free range

• organic

• grass fed

• farmers market

• nieman ranch

• lauras lean

• never ver

these are product labeling claims each varying in commodiity and niche

what is commodity in marketign products

• baseline store brand product

• cheapest option - which means that whoevr prodcues tat prodct has evry little abilitly to mnipulate th eprice.. you put it on the price and deal with whatever you can find

niche products

• cater to very spcific markets with more affulent consumers

• seell for higher prces

• often associated with higehr production costs

• prces must be hgher to geenrat a larger profit margin

• fickle customers

why cant farmers meet the labeling claims but charge the same price

• in many caes, te cost of procution is much higher

• if you dont ge tatleast same rofit margin as conventional theres no reason to make said product

what is natrual claim

• costs an extra $60 a head-

• a ot is added cost o fsorting and managing catte , but there are concessions thatslo the growth of animal thta increase time labor and feed costs

what does never ever mean

• no antbiotics were ever used

• results in higher morbidity and mortalty bc when you lose tools to treat an animal, the animal will be sicker longer

• 110-190 / head

what does organic mean

• has its own long list of restrictions

• 130-260 / head

what is grass fed organnic

• most expensive to make becasue you hve to feed much longer on grass and that adds a lot of expense

• 230 to 300/ head

what are the differen kinds of harvest cattle

• natural

• never ever

• organic

• grass fed organic

what was the ignificance of cowsparicy

• Livestock and their byproducts acount for at least 32,000 million tons of carbon dioxide per year or 51% of all worldwide greehouse gas emissions

why is 51 a convienent number in cowspiracy

it allowed them to say that nothing has a bigger impact onth eenvironment than livestock production and therefore should be demonized- but this has not been supported and made these absurd assumptions to inflate the value

aka- calculations were baed on falty assumptions. It was widely criticized with no one else coming close to corrobating data

what is the sgnificance of livestocks long shadow

• the livestock sector is a major player, responsible for 18% of greenhouse gas emission measured in CO2 equivalent. This is a higher share than transport

• 18 is very different from 51% deflating that claim

• It compred lifecycle analysis for meat agaisnt only burning fossil fuels and not including production, refining, transport, etc

What is Tackling CLimate Change Through Livestock claim

Wth emissions estimated at 7.1 gigatones Co2-eq per annum, representing 14,5. percent of global human induced GHG emissions, the livestock sector plays an important role in climate change

• production practces around the world make a difference in the relative enviornmental impact

• if we adapt more efficient practoces there is abundant oppurtunity to reduce th enumber further

What is significant abotu 14.5 % in Tackling climate chang through livestock

while its not much better than 18, but is still better

what is significant about hreehouse gas emissions

• countries with more efficient beef production get higher percentage beef from dairy cattle ( GHG is split between milk and meat)

• US:

  • 4.2 % of GHG production due to livestock

  • 27% transportation

  • 31% energy production

true or false: If all livestock were eliminated tomorrow, there would only be a 2.6 reduction i ngreenhouse gass, but increase nutriet ndeficiencies ans use snthethic fertilizers

true

what is the symbiotic relationship between grassslands and large ruminants called

biogenic carbon cycle

how have we disrupted the nomal, stable biocarbon cycle

we drill an dig for fossil fuels and take carbon that was stored underground for years, combust them and use them as energy and relase new carbon in the atmosphere… reducing the number of cattle.. making the lowest cattle inventory in 70 years

how do we retain sustainablity

• product quality should be safe and nutritious

• social

  • labor

  • good neghbors

• ethical

  • welfare

• Land managment

  • long term productivity

• environment

  • resources

  • waste managment

• legal compliance

  • appropriate permitting

• profitable

  • income>expense

what are the fundamentals of sustainability

• people

• planet

• profit