Cancer Treatment Overview: Complications & Interventions

anemia manifestations

Fatigue (most common), pallor, ↑HR, SOB.

(↓RBCs)

anemia interventions

Energy Conservation: Cluster care, encourage rest. Monitor Hgb/Hct. Administer Epoetin or blood transfusions.

leukopenia manifestations

Fever (≥100.4 F or 38.0 C) is the critical sign of infection. ANC<500/μL is severe risk.

(↓WBCs)

leukopenia interventions

Neutropenic Precautions: Strict hand hygiene, private room, no fresh flowers/plants, no raw fruits/veg.

Report fever immediately. Administer Filgrastim (Neupogen) as ordered.

thrombocytopenia manifestations

Bruising, petechiae, epistaxis (nosebleeds), bleeding gums, GI bleeding.

(↓Platelets)

thrombocytopenia interventions

Bleeding Precautions: Avoid IM injections, rectal temps. Use soft toothbrush/electric razor.

Monitor LOC (intracranial bleed risk).

chemo induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)

Emesis, poor appetite, risk of dehydration/electrolyte imbalance.

CINV interventions

Administer antiemetics (Ondansetron) prophylactically (before chemo) and around the clock. Encourage bland, small, frequent meals.

anorexia manifestations

Weight loss, poor nutritional intake.

anorexia interventions

Offer high-calorie, high-protein snacks/meals. Provide small, appealing portions.

fatigue

Exhaustion not relieved by rest.

fatigue interventions

Pacing: Prioritize activities. Ensure adequate hydration and nutrition.

alopecia

Hair loss (total or partial).

alopecia intervention

Patient teaching on wigs/scarves before hair loss begins.

Reassure that hair typically regrows.