REL Exam #2

religion

Alexander the Great

Consolidated the Greek armies and conquered the Persian empire in 332 BC

Hellenism

Greek culture and ideas, associated with the spread of the greek empire and Alexander the Great

Battle of Issus

Battle in Alexander the great’s conflict with Persians

Ptolemies

Hellenistic Egypt 320-198 (peaceful rulers)

Seleucids

Syria 198-164 (forceful rulers)

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

Seleucid Ruler - Takes over the temple for greek gods and pig sacrifices

Septuagint

Greek Old Testament LXX (written in 3rd Century BC but became popular in 1st BC and AD)

Maccabean Revolt

25 year Jewish uprising - 167 BC

Mattathias

start of the Maccabean revolt - killed jew who offered pagan sacrifices

Judas

leader of the Maccabean revolt (Mattathias’ son) Maccabee = hammer

Hasideans

priest who becomes leaders until “God raises up a prophet”

Hanukkah

Feast of Dedication, 8 days 164 BC

Hasmonean Dynasty

Leaders between 142 and 63 BC

Pharisees

2nd Century - strict followers of the law

The Roman Empire - rule of Israel

63 BC - 135 AD

Josephus

1st century jewish historian

Pompey

Roman general bring the start of the roman period

Herod the Great

King of Judea - 37-4BC

Pontius Pilate

Governor of province of Judea - from Rome b/c the area was to volatile

the Jewish War with Rome

66 AD - tensions become high

Destruction of the Temple

70 AD

synagogue

place of jewish worship that is not a temple

Bar Kokhba revolt

132 AD - Jews defeated and forced to leave the city

Diaspora

the dispersion or scattering - jews living outside Judea

Sadducees

no resurrection of the dead, living a moral life - leaders in the temple

Essenes

reward/punishment - righteous lives (spiritual practices - avoid wealth, communal eating, abstaining from marriage)

oral traditions

thoughts/teachings about the law handed down from jewish ancestors

rabbinic Judaism

Pharasess after fall of temple - 70 AD (synagogs, Hebrew scriptures, and rabbis (teachers)

Zealots

Revolutionaries - active participation in jewish war with rome (66-73)

Sicarii

Revolutionary group - fought against roman rule 1st century

Samaritans

Descendants of jewish people from the Babylonian and Assyrian exiles

Mount Gerizim

Temple for Samaritans

Messiah

“anointed one” work in God’s end time action

Mishnah

The first written collection of the Jewish oral traditions - 3rd AD

Apocrypha

writings from the time period between the testaments (deuterocanonical books)

Pseudepigrapha

Jewish writings that never achieved canonical status

classical mythology/paganism

Olympian gods

Epicureans

free humans from fear of death/gods - argued gods didn’t exist

Stoics

inner peace from reason

emperor cult

worship of the Roman emperor started with Julius Ceasar 44 BC

mystery religions

eastern religions (cybele, isis, demeter, dionsysus, and mitharas)

Constantine

313 - Christianity in the Roman Empire

Rebuilding of temple - to make 2nd

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