Sociocognitive Theories and Views of the Self

Flashcards covering sociocognitive theories, cultural influences, self-perception, and related concepts.

What is the central claim of sociocognitive theories?

Our social/cultural context and thought processes determine our personality.

What are the components of Albert Bandura's reciprocal determinism?

Behavior, internal cognitive factors, and environmental influences.

In reciprocal determinism, what is the relationship between individuals and their environments?

We are both the products and architects of our environments.

What are the defining characteristics of individualist cultures?

The self is defined as a free agent, motivated by personal traits and goals.

What are the defining characteristics of collectivist cultures?

The self is defined as part of a group, motivated by relationships and communal success.

What are some potential drawbacks of collectivist cultures?

Slower economic development and industrialization, potential for conflict with out-groups.

Name two sociocognitive personality assessment methods.

Observational and examination of behavior patterns.

What is a strength of the sociocognitive approach to personality?

Recognizes that personality is dynamic and responsive to the situation/environment.

What is a limitation of the sociocognitive approach to personality?

Difficult to make predictions about personality due to constant variation.

What is the difference between self-esteem and self-efficacy?

Self-esteem is general feelings of self-worth; self-efficacy is a sense of competence on a particular task.

What is the 'spotlight effect'?

The tendency to assume others pay more attention to us than they actually do.

Who discovered learned helplessness and in what year?

Martin Seligman in 1965.

Define 'self-serving bias'.

The tendency to perceive ourselves favorably, attributing successes to our own efforts and failures to external circumstances.

What is narcissism?

Excessive self-love and self-absorption.

What is the difference between internal and external locus of control?

Internal locus of control is the feeling that you have the power to change yourself, whereas external locus of control is the feeling that outside factors are responsible for the events in your life.

What is the difference between optimism and pessimism relating to attributional style?

Optimistic students believe good performances stems from good study habits and self-discipline, while pessimistic students attribute a poor performance to a lack of ability or situations beyond their control.

What is a potential downside of excessive optimism?

It can blind us to real risks.

What is a potential downside of excessive pessimism?

It can negatively affect emotional and physical health.