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History of Life on Earth
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1
Planetary Formation
Earth formed from planetesimal aggregation around 4.55 billion years ago.
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2
Prebiotic Soup
The early oceans where organic molecules and macromolecules accumulated and formed spontaneously.
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3
Reducing Atmosphere Hypothesis
Early Earth's atmosphere was rich in water vapor, supporting redox reactions for complex molecule formation.
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4
Deep-Sea Vent Hypothesis
Molecules formed in temperature gradients at deep-sea vents, supported by evidence of ammonia formation.
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5
Protobionts
Aggregates of molecules with boundaries, exhibiting characteristics like information storage and self-replication.
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6
RNA World Hypothesis
The theory that RNA was likely the first genetic material, capable of self-replication and acting as an enzyme.
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7
Chemical Selection
The process where molecules with advantageous properties increase in number within a population.
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8
Stromatolites
Layered structures formed by cyanobacteria, significant for producing oxygen through photosynthesis.
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9
Endosymbiotic Theory
Proposed that eukaryotic organelles originated from symbiotic prokaryotes that provided energy or nutrients.
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10
Cambrian Explosion
A rapid increase in animal diversity during the Cambrian Period, leading to the emergence of the first vertebrates.
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11
Mass Extinction
An event where a significant percentage of species are wiped out simultaneously due to environmental changes.
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12
Cenozoic Era
The era following the age of dinosaurs, characterized by the dominance of mammals and flowering plants.
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