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Addiction
A chronic medical condition characterized by compulsive substance use, despite harmful consequences.
Intoxication
The state of using a substance to excess that causes changes in psychological or physical functioning.
Tolerance
The need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the same initial level of response due to repeated use.
Withdrawal
Symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance that they are dependent on.
Substance Use Disorder
A chronic disease that involves a pathological pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.
Co-occurring disorders
The presence of both a substance use disorder and a mental health disorder in an individual.
Epidemiology of alcohol addiction
Approximately 15 million people in the U.S. are addicted to alcohol.
Comorbidity
The simultaneous presence of two or more disorders in a patient.
Risk factors for substance use disorders
Genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors that may contribute to the likelihood of developing a substance use disorder.
Opioid use disorder
A condition involving a problematic pattern of opioid use, leading to significant impairment or distress.
Harmful effects of alcohol use
Includes peripheral neuropathy, liver diseases, various cancers, and withdrawal symptoms.
Screening tools for alcohol use disorder
Instruments such as SBIRT, AUDIT, and CAGE used to identify issues related to alcohol use.
Treatment modalities
Approaches utilized for addressing substance use disorders, including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
Motivational interviewing
A counseling approach to help individuals resolve ambivalence regarding their substance use.
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
A medication used to support the treatment of alcohol dependence by causing unpleasant reactions if alcohol is consumed.
Stages of change theory
A model describing the stages an individual goes through while changing behavior: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance.
Gambling disorder
A behavioral addiction characterized by persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior.
Naloxone
A medication used to rapidly reverse opioid overdose by restoring normal respiration.
CAGE questionnaire
A tool with four questions used to identify potential alcohol abuse.
Cognitive disturbances in withdrawal
Symptoms such as confusion, agitation, and delirium that may occur during withdrawal from substances like alcohol.
