Human Body Systems and Fundamental Body Movements

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the major human body systems, concepts of posture, and fundamental movement types based on lecture notes.

Body Systems

Groups of organs that work together to produce and sustain life in the biological machine of the human body.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeletal system consisting of the bones of the head and trunk.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeletal system consisting of the bones within the limbs, as well as supporting pectoral and pelvic girdles.

Adult Human Bone Count

The human body in its adult stage contains $206$ bones.

Joint (Articulation)

The place at which two bones are fitted together, supported by cartilages and reinforced with ligaments.

Smooth Muscle

A type of muscle found within the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs such as the stomach or intestines.

Cardiac Muscle

Highly specialized muscle cells that form the heart muscle, also referred to as the false.

Skeletal Muscles

Muscles that attach to the bones of the body and are the only type that can be controlled consciously.

Atria

The two upper chambers of the heart (left and right) through which blood enters.

Ventricles

The two lower chambers of the heart (left and right) through which blood exits.

Upper Respiratory System

The part of the respiratory system comprising the nasal cavity and the pharynx.

Lower Respiratory System

The part of the respiratory system comprising the larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs.

Alveoli

The specific site of gas exchange in the lungs where carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen is returned to the blood.

Lymph (Tissue Fluid)

Excess fluid drained from the intercellular fluid compartment by the network of lymphatic vessels.

Primary Lymphatic Organs

Organs that produce lymphocytes and release them into lymphatic vessels, specifically the thymus and red bone marrow.

Secondary Lymphatic Organs

Lymphatic structures including the lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, and spleen.

Accessory Digestive Organs

Organs that assist with the mechanical and chemical food breakdown, including the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Endocrine Glands

Specialized organs scattered throughout the body that produce hormones and secrete them directly into the circulatory system.

Triiodothyronine

A specific hormone produced by the endocrine system that acts to regulate metabolism.

Vulva

The external female sex organs, also known as the genitals, consisting of the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening.

Ovaries

Female internal sex organs that secrete hormones and produce egg cells.

Uterus

A female internal organ that provides protection, nutrition, and waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus.

Testes

External male sex organs responsible for the production of sperm.

Epididymis

An internal male sex organ used for the storage of sperm.

Nephrons

Functional units within the kidneys that filter blood through a web of capillaries known as the glomerulus.

Micturition

The physiological term for urination, the process by which the bladder disposes of stored urine.

Posture

The way in which you hold yourself while sitting, standing, and lying down.

Static Posture

The way you hold your body when you are not moving, such as when standing, sitting, or lying down.

Dynamic Posture

How you keep your body stable while you are moving, such as during running, walking, or stretching.

Locomotor Movements

Body movements that move the body from one place to another, causing the body to travel.

Even Rhythm Locomotor Movements

A category of locomotor movements consisting of equal, unvarying actions: walking, running, hopping, leaping, and jumping.

Uneven Rhythm Locomotor Movements

Locomotor movements consisting of unequal or alternating actions: skipping, galloping, and sliding.

Non-locomotor (Axial) Movements

Movements of specific body parts or the whole body that do not cause the body to travel, such as bending, twisting, or swinging.