History flashcards on Germany

Germany 1918-1945

What land was lost to France?

Alsace and Lorraine

What land was lost to Belgium?

Eupen and Malmedy

What land was lost to Poland?

Posen and West Prussia

Which part of Germany voted to become part of Poland?

Upper Silesia

Which part of Germany voted to become part of Denmark?

Northern Schleswig

What German port was made to become an international city, which was no longer governed by Germany?

Danzig

How much of Germany’s European territory was lost?

13%

How much of Germany’s iron reserves were lost?

50%

How many colonies did Germany have in Africa that were taken away as ‘mandates’?

11

When was the invasion of the Ruhr?

January 1923

What was produced at the Ruhr?

Coal, iron and steel

What did the government encourage German workers to do as they could not take military action?

Passive resistance

What happened as one of the consequences of the invasion of the Ruhr?

Hyperinflation

How did the hyperinflation crisis start?

The government had started to print off more money during the First World War, to pay for the cost of the war. After the war, it printed even more money so that they could pay the reparations (£6,000 million) demanded by the Treaty of Versailles. After the invasion of the Ruhr, it was forced to print more money to pay the striking workers.

How many marks did it cost to buy a loaf of bread in Dec 1918?

0.54 marks

How much did it cost to buy a loaf of bread in Nov 1923?

201,000,000,000 marks

The effects of the hyperinflation crisis were:

Forced millions of Germans into poverty (especially middle class Germans)

Pensioners were effected badly as their savings became worthless

The poor benefitted as they could easily pay of their mortgages

People who owned land or buildings were protected as the value of the possessions increased

Most farmers benefitted as the food could be sold at higher prices

Dawes Plan 1924:

Germany was loaned 800 million gold marks

Reparation payments were lowered to 1,000 million marks for the first 5 years

The Allies agreed to review the payment over time, to take account of Germany’s situation and ability to pay.

The French agreed to withdraw troops from the Ruhr

The Allies were given some power in Reichsbank and the railways in Germany

The Locarno Pact 1925

In 1925 Germany signed the Locarno Pact in Switzerland

It involved Germany, Poland, France, Belgium, Italy, Britain and Czechoslovakia

Germany accepted its new western borders, and all the countries accepted not to use military force except in self-defence

Germany agreed that Alsace-Lorraine would be French. In return, the French would not invade the Ruhr again

Improved relations between Germany and other countries

What is the period between 1925-1929 sometimes referred to?

The ‘Locarno Honeymoon’