Nonparametric Alternatives to ANOVA

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to nonparametric statistical tests and their concepts.

Kruskal-Wallis test

A nonparametric test used to evaluate differences between three or more independent groups.

Mann-Whitney U test

A nonparametric test for comparing two independent groups.

Wilcoxon signed-ranks test

A nonparametric test for comparing two related groups.

Friedman test

A nonparametric test used to detect differences in treatments across multiple test attempts.

H0

Null hypothesis stating no difference exists among the groups.

HA

Alternative hypothesis stating that at least one group differs from the others.

Chi-square distribution

A distribution used for categorical data; applied in the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests.

Independent scores

Scores that come from different subjects and are not influenced by each other.

Dependent variable

The outcome variable being measured.

Ranks

Ordered values assigned to data points for nonparametric tests.

N

Total number of subjects across all groups.

n

Number of subjects in a specific group.

Critical value

The threshold value that the test statistic must exceed to reject the null hypothesis.

p-value

The probability that the observed results would occur by chance under the null hypothesis.

H

Test statistic calculated for the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests based on ranks.

Homogeneity of variance

The assumption that different samples have the same variance.

Normal distribution

A symmetrical probability distribution where most of the observations cluster around the central peak.