history 201, Exam 1 (12-14)

In the wake of Shay’s Rebellion, what happened?

Confederation congress plans to meet in philadelphia in may 1787

why was congress meet?

the sole and express purpose of revising the articles

What kind of delegates were there?

2/3rd were lawyers

7 governors

½ were officers

Virginia plan

authored by James Madison

three-branched national government with bicameral legislature

representation in both houses tied to population

extensive powers for national legislature

favored large states over small

2 houses of legislative representatives based on population

New Jersey Plan

written and put forward by the “small” states: New Jersey, Delaware, Connecticut, New Hampshire

single-house congress like articles

three-man presidency elected from among congress

extensive new powers for congress: taxation, trade regulation, use of force on popular uprisings

1 house of legislative representatives only got one vote

Compromised plan

one house is represented by 2 state senators and one house has representatives based on population

Three-fifths clause

all free persons plus “three-fifths (60%) of all other persons” were counted as the basis for representation

census compromise around slavery

census counted every 10 years, constitution protected slavery due to language

house of represenatives

democratic, popular electron of representatives

senate

republicanism, indirect representation

president

electoral college

what kind of system is democracy?

checks and balances

ratifying the constitution

1787-1789

Federalists

pro-constitution

merchants, lawyers, large landowners, and slaveholders

states that would benefit from unity and interdependence

anti-federalists

anti-constitution

states like NY and VA that were already strong and prosperous, had little to gain from interdependence

rural, western, noncommercial

Needed 9 votes to ratify which colony gave that last vote?

New Hampshire

Federalist papers

aimed to convince NYers to ratify the constitution, written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay

Bill of Rights

a product of Anti-federalist concerns with powers granted to the federal government under the new constitution

Alexander Hamilton

Washingtons personal assistant

Fame from constitutional convention

first secretary of the treasury

Designed national bank

First President

George Washington, april 1789

republican motherhood

Exclusion from government didn’t mean they didn’t have responsibilities

Education for girls was being advocated for mothers to produce better citizens

hamilton’s economic policies

wheat and cotton production boom: export increase, cotton gin invented

600 percent increase in roads in 1790s

1000 percent increase in number of commercial banks

35 percent population increase from 1790 to 1800

Hamilton’s report on public credit (1790)

first bank of US

report on the manufactures (1791) - didnt pass

Hamilton’s report on public credit, 1790

Fund for debt but pay it only in small amounts build credit

Get overseas investors due to good credit reputation

South was not in debt but North was

Scared to be in debt from foreigners

issue: always in another’s hand

In order for report to happen

new capital city in virgina

Whiskey Rebellion, 1794

Raise money for debt, No land tax

Imposing exisis tax on whiskey

Famers where taxed and so they bump up the price this goes to governement

Many hated it, Many evaded paying the tax or pressured the government

One taxer was strong on this but many protested this man

Had to mobilize militia and washington even was heading over

Showed new federal goverenment was strong

Louis XVI

had financial troubles in 1780s

Been fighting to many wars

Broke cus monarchy is dumb and cant get money from nobles

Estates General summoned

Third estate rebels against Louis and declares itself the representative of the french people

why did the third estate rebel?

Wanted the king to sign a paper that listed his powers but couldnt / refused

revolution takes a turn toward radicalism

People killed a raining monarch

Pissed off all the other monarchs

They went against the will of God cus they represent him

Also king was related to lots of other monarchs

Many many wars

Napoleon coming in at one point

Washington’s farewell address, 1796

be friends with everyone to trade with everyone, stay neutral

Francophiles

Jefferson and madison

democratic-republican" party (Republican)

farmers

southerners

anglophiles

hamilton

federalist party

new englanders

merchants

Jay’s treaty, 1794

1.) withdrawal of british troops from northwest territory

2.) compensation for british impressment

3.) most-favored nation status for britain

4.) arbitration over boundaries and war debts

revolution

wanted to do away with federalist ideals

yeomen farmers

jeffersons vison of what they nation should be built on

second president

Thomas Jefferson, 1801

John Marshall

chief justice of the supreme court

Marbury vs. Madison, 1803

established principle of judicial review"

judicial review

court could declare a law or action unconstitutional, but had no power

Barbary Wars, 1801-1815

Purple controlled annual shipping area

Wanted large money or you got seized

America didn’t pay one year and so one ship got taken (and people) then they decided to pay

First time contacting and talking to with Muslims

Short lived, Next year they wanted more money

Jefferson said no, So they decied to fight with them

Sent our sad 4 ships, Now we have war

We burned our own ship that got captured

Hired soilders and snuck up on to get the captured men back

33 ships now, got a new contract

Louisiana purchase

Purple actually belongs to spain after the seven year war

Spanish new america would try to expand but didn’t want to make forts

Had a secret meeting with france to give it back but if they try getting rid of it they must consult with them

Jefferson sends a secrect envoy, wanted just new orleans

They what would you pay for the whole thing?

50 million? Oui

They need money to fight all their wars

They just lost hedi to their slaves

Also bought americas neutrality sorta

Borders where hard to tell

Jefferson’s empire of liberty

contradiction, spreading freedom

war of 1812

Worst named war

Fighting the British/Canada again

Britian was trying to find citizens that were hiding on american ships

Hard to steal identity with loads of tattoos

impressment

british practice of seizing american sailors and forcing them to serve in the british navy

orders in council, 1807

british laws passed intended to prevent neutral nations from trading with france

Tecumseh

leader of shawnee indians

started talking with other indian leaders to start posing a front to Western settlers

Battle of Tippecanoe

1811, americans destroyed a major indian settlement led by Harrison

what came of war of 1812?

First time to declare war - conrgress agreed to do it

Not a professional army right now

We had little money

We were the last thing britian cared about cus we were to far

Main reason of war disapears cus napolean defeated

We had bad strategy

in 1814 british seized what?

washington and white house

battle of new orleans, 1815

We had little men but did lots of damages

But the treaty had been signed before this battle took place

led by andrew jackson

treaty of ghent

december 1814, ended war of 1812 with a status quo ante bellum clause

what did the war of 1812 actually accomplish?

british finally acknowledge the right of the US to exist

andrew jackson become famous

indian alliances fall apart and leave all lands west to mississippi vulnerable to american expansion

federal party collapses

hartford convention

marked end of the federalist party

The Constitution tacitly acknowledged the institution of slavery by providing the South with representation in Congress based on what percentage of its enslaved population?

60%

The two political parties of the mid-1790s were the:

Democratic-Republicans and Federalists

The landmark Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the practice of _____________, whereby the Court could declare a law or action unconstitutional

judicial review

When Thomas Jefferson talked of the ideal "yeoman farmer," what did he mean?

A small, independent, self-sufficient farmer

Which of these states was a center of Anti-Federalist activity during the ratification debates?

New York

The Federalist Party generally identified its interests with those of England rather than France in the European wars of the 1790s.

True

In 1815 the Federalist Party held a convention in the Connecticut city of __________. The convention was such a disaster politically that it marked the end of the party's national prominence

Hartford

In the treaty ending the War of 1812 between the United States and the British, both sides agreed to a status quo ante bellum clause. What did that mean?

All territorial claims and borders would revert to exactly as they were before the war

In the first decade of the nineteenth century, the United States became tangled in a military conflict in the Mediterranean, which convinced President Thomas Jefferson that a nation aspiring to global trade must have a national military to support it. What was this conflict called?

The Barbary Wars

The Federalist who sought to spur economic growth for the country by encouraging manufacturing and by establishing the First Bank of the United States was:

Alexander Hamilton

A rebellion in western Pennsylvania nearly turned violent in 1794 after the federal government imposed a new excise tax on:

whiskey

The Bill of Rights was a concession offered by the Federalists to overcome widespread fears of a despotic national government

True

When historians describe the phenomenon of "Republican Motherhood" in the 1790s, what idea do they have in mind?

Mothers belonged in the home but had a civic responsibility to educate future citizens of the republic

Revolution and political upheaval in __________ was responsible for Europe's constant state of war from 1792 to 1815

France