The Child With Genitourinary and Renal Problems

Flashcards related to the genitourinary and renal problems in children, covering key terms and definitions.

Genitourinary Tract

The organ system that includes the urinary organs and the reproductive organs.

Enuresis

Inability to control bladder function, resulting in bedwetting or incontinence.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

An infection in any part of the urinary system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

Abnormal retrograde flow of bladder urine into the ureters.

Urinalysis

A test that examines urine to assess kidney and urinary tract function.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, often following infections.

Nephrotic Syndrome

A kidney disorder characterized by increased protein loss in urine and edema.

Phimosis

Inability to retract the foreskin of the penis.

Cryptorchidism

Failure of one or both of the testes to descend into the scrotum.

Inguinal Hernia

Protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal.

Hydrocele

A collection of fluid in the scrotum.

Hypospadias

A condition where the urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis.

Epispadias

A condition where the urethral opening is located on the dorsal surface.

Chordee

Ventral curvature of the penis, often associated with hypospadias.

Bladder Exstrophy

Eversion of the posterior bladder through the anterior wall.

Testicular Torsion

Twisting of the spermatic cord that can cause sudden testicular pain and swelling.

Bacteriuria

Presence of bacteria in the urine.

Anticholinergics

Medications that reduce bladder contractions, such as oxybutynin.

Antidiuretic Hormone

Hormone that reduces urine volume, such as desmopressin.

Elevated Creatinine (Cr)

Increased levels of creatinine indicate impaired kidney function.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A test that measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood, used to assess kidney function.

Urine Culture (C&S)

A test to identify bacteria in the urine and determine sensitivity to antibiotics.

Diuretic

A medication that increases urine output.

Corticosteroids

Medications such as prednisone used to reduce inflammation and immune response.

Edema

Swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues.

Urinary Retention

Inability to completely empty the bladder.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Rapid decline in renal function, often due to decreased blood flow or damage to kidney tissues.