Chemical Compounds

Flashcards about chemical compounds, acids, bases, and pH.

What is the main idea of Chapter 13?.

Chemical compounds are classified into groups based on their bonds and on their properties.

What is a chemical bond?

The force that bonds two or more atoms to form molecules or compounds.

What is an ionic compound?

A compound made of oppositely charged ions.

What is a covalent compound?

A chemical compound formed by the sharing of valence electrons.

Why are ionic compounds brittle?

Ionic compounds tend to be brittle solids due to the arrangement of ions in a crystal lattice.

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Ionic compounds have high melting points due to the strong ionic bonds that hold the ions together.

Why do many ionic compounds dissolve easily in water?

Many ionic compounds have a high tendency to dissolve easily in water because water molecules attract each of the ions.

What are electrolytes?

Ionic compounds that conduct electricity when they're dissolved in water.

Why don't many covalent compounds dissolve well in water?

Many covalent compounds don't dissolve well in water, because the attraction between water molecules is stronger than water's attraction to the molecules of most covalent compounds.

Why do covalent compounds have lower melting points?

The forces of attraction between molecules of covalent compounds are much weaker than the bonds holding ionic solids together.

What is an acid?

Any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water.

What are four properties of acids?

Sour taste, change color of indicators, react with metals, and conduct electric current.

Name four products that use sulfuric acid?

Paper, paint, detergents, and fertilizers.

What is an indicator?

A compound that can change color depending on the pH number.

What is a base?

Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.

What are four properties of bases?

Bitter flavor, slippery feel, change color of indicators, and conduct electric current.

Name four products that contain bases.

Soap, paper, oven cleaners, and products that unclog drains.

Why do solutions of bases conduct electric current?

Releases hydroxide ions into the solution.

What is a neutralization reaction?

The reaction of an acid and a base to produce water and a salt.

What is pH?

A value that is used to express the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a system.

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

A strong acid completely breaks apart into ions, while a weak acid only partially breaks apart.

Why is pH important in the environment?

Living things depend on having a steady pH in their environment and many organisms need a neutral pH to survive.

What is a salt?

An ionic compound that forms when a metal atom replaces the hydrogen of an acid.

What is a neutral solution?

A solution with a pH of 7.

What are carbohydrates?

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

What are three common simple sugars?

Glucose, fructose, and sucrose

What are proteins?

Large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.