D1.1 (DNA Replication)
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16 Terms
DNA
A molecule that carries the genetic instructions for all known living organisms and many viruses. It is structured as a double helix, a twisted ladder
Nucleotide
The fundamental building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). It consists of three components: a 5
DNA Replication
A semi
Helicase
An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs & separating the two strands of DNA.
DNA Polymerase
An enzyme crucial for DNA replication. It adds nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand, creating a new strand that is complementary to the template strand.
Complementary Base Pairs
The specific pairings of nitrogenous bases that occur in DNA and RNA, where adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) in DNA and with uracil (U) in RNA, and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C). These pairings are stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
Semi
Conservative
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
A molecular biology technique used to amplify (make multiple copies of) a specific DNA sequence. It involves repeated cycles of denaturation (separating DNA strands), primer annealing (binding of primers), and extension (DNA replication by Taq polymerase).
Primers
A short, single
Taq DNA Polymerase
A specific heat
Denaturation (PCR)
The initial step in PCR where the double
Annealing
The step in PCR where short, single
Gel Electrophoresis
A laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein fragments based on size
DNA Profile
A unique pattern of DNA fragments that identifies an individual. Generally produced using gel electrophoresis
Restriction Endonuclease
An group of enzymes that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. Can cut leaving sticky ends or blunt ends depending on the enzyme.
DNA Markers
Specific DNA sequences at known locations on chromosomes. They are used as landmarks in the genome to identify individuals or species, and to understand inheritance patterns, find genes related to traits or diseases, and create genetic maps.