Hardy Weinberg and Population Genetics

Flashcards on Hardy-Weinberg and Population Genetics

What is a population?

Members of the same species living in the same area in a given time

What is a gene pool?

The set of all genes, or genetic variation, in a population.

What are genotype frequencies?

The proportion of a population with a particular genotype.

What is phenotype frequency?

The proportion of a population with a particular phenotype.

What is Allele Frequency?

Rate of occurrence of a particular allele in a population, with respect to a particular gene.

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?

Allele frequencies in a population will stay the same over time if 5 conditions are met: large population, random mating, no net mutations, no migration, no natural selection.

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation for allele frequencies?

p + q = 1.00

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation for genotype frequencies?

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.00

From which genotype frequency do you always work (p2, 2pq, or q2)?

Homozygous recessive

What is genetic diversity?

The degree of variation within a species or population.

Why do we use the Hardy-Weinberg principle if it rarely occurs in natural populations?

It can measure the amount of change in allele frequencies over time; representative of a population that is not evolving.

What is a mutation?

A change that occurs in the DNA of an individual.

What is gene flow?

Net movement of alleles from one population to another due to the migration of individuals.

What is non-random mating?

Individuals choose their mates based on physical and behavioural traits; not randomly.

What is genetic drift?

A change in allele frequencies due to chance events in a small breeding population.

What is the Founder Effect?

A few individuals that form a new population which are non-representative of the general population

What is the Bottleneck Effect?

Gene pool change that results in a rapid decrease in population size.