Architecture Appreciation Test 4 - Briar Jones MSU

Carlo Scarpa, Brion Cemetery, Treviso, Italy 1969-1978

Who is Tadao Ando?

A Japanese architect

What was Tadao Ando's initial profession?

Carpenter's apprentice

How did Tadao Ando learn about architecture?

He traveled extensively to study architecture

What styles does Tadao Ando combine in his work?

Modern and traditional Japanese aesthetics

Who is Elizabeth Diller?

Elizabeth Diller is an architect born in Poland in 1954.

Where did Elizabeth Diller and Richard Scofidio receive their education?

They were educated at Cooper Union in New York.

What type of architecture did Elizabeth Diller and Richard Scofidio begin with?

They began by constructing 'Guerilla Architecture' on vacant land.

What prestigious grant did Elizabeth Diller and Richard Scofidio receive in 1999?

They received the 'Genius' grant from the MacArthur Fellows Program.

What is the Blur Building?

The Blur Building is a key commission by Elizabeth Diller and Richard Scofidio for the Swiss Expo.

What is the High Line?

The High Line is a key commission by Elizabeth Diller and Richard Scofidio located in New York.

The Blur Building

A Swedish expo building designed by Elizabeth Diller and Ricardo Scofidio

Where was Sir Norman Foster born?

Manchester, England

Which university did Sir Norman Foster attend for architecture?

University of Manchester

Where did Sir Norman Foster attend graduate school?

Yale University

Who did Sir Norman Foster attend graduate school with?

Richard Rogers

What famous building did Richard Rogers design with Renzo Piano?

Pompidou Center

What type of work did Sir Norman Foster do besides architecture?

Designed furniture

What is one of Sir Norman Foster's key commissions in Hong Kong?

Hong Kong Bank

What is the name of the building designed by Sir Norman Foster in Nimes, France?

Carré d'Art

What is one of Sir Norman Foster's key commissions in London?

London City Hall

Norman Foster, Reichstag Dome

Berlin Germany - 1999

Where was Frank Gehry born?

Canada

At what age did Frank Gehry move to Los Angeles?

17

Which school of architecture did Frank Gehry attend?

University of Southern California

Where did Frank Gehry attend graduate school?

Harvard (Urban Planning)

At what age did Frank Gehry open his own firm?

33

What type of design work did Frank Gehry do besides architecture?

Designed furniture

What are Frank Gehrys three commissions?

Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, the Gehry House, and the Experience Music Project in Seattle

What notable project did Frank Gehry design in Biloxi, Mississippi?

George Ohr Museum

When was Zaha Hadid born and when did she pass away?

1950-2016

Where was Zaha Hadid born?

Baghdad, Iraq

What did Zaha Hadid train as?

A mathematician

Which graduate school did Zaha Hadid attend?

Architecture Association (A.A.) in London

What architectural style is Zaha Hadid known for?

Deconstructivism

What types of artistic works did Zaha Hadid create?

Color drawings, paintings, and computer models

What are Zaha Hadid's two key commissions?

The contemporary arts center in Cincinnati and the Vitra Fire Station

Vitra Fire Station(Painting)

Zaha Hadid

Who are Jaquees Herzog and Pierre De Meuron?

Childhood friends and architects.

Where do Jaquees Herzog and Pierre De Meuron practice architecture?

Basel, Switzerland.

What are the two key commissions of Herzog and De Meuron?

The gallery of modern art in London and the National Olympic Stadium in Beijing

What nickname is given to the National Olympic Stadium in Beijing?

The Bird's Nest.

Daniel Libeskind (1946-)

Born in Lodz, Poland, Gained U.S citizenship in 1965

What are the key commissions of Daniel Libeskind

His key commissions include the Jewish Museum in Berlin Germany, the Imperial War Museum in Manchester England, The Jewish museum in San Francisco California, the Denver art museum and the freedom tower in New York City

Jean Nouvel (1945-)

French Architect, educated at Ecole d' Beaux Arts, Paris

Key commissions of Jean Nouvel

Remodeling of the Lyon Opera House and the Cultural and Congress Center in Lucerne, Switzerland

Where was Renzo Piano born?

Genoa, Italy

Which universities did Renzo Piano study at?

University of Florence and Milan Polytechnic

Who did Renzo Piano have an early partnership with?

Richard Rogers

What is one of Renzo Piano's contributions to architecture?

He pushed the limits of building technology

What aspect of projects does Renzo Piano maintain control over?

From design through construction

What were the key commissions of Renzo Piano?

The Pompidou Center in Paris, the Menil Museum in Houston, Texas, and The Shard in London

Pompidou Center, Paris 1971-1977

Renzo Piano/Richard Rogers

What are the two skins of Renzo Piano's Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center?

An outer layer of iroko wood and an inner layer of movable glass louvers

How is the Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center, designed by Renzo Piano ventilated?

They are ventilated passively and act as chimneys to draw warm air out.

The Shard-Renzo Piano

Tallest building in the EU, includes Offices, Restaurant, Hotel, Apartments, and an Observatory

Wooden Beams and Columns

Unity of structure and decoration, connected with elaborate joinery in Chinese Architecture

Who is Rem Koolhaas?

A Dutch architect born in Rotterdam.

What were Rem Koolhaas's two major publications?

Delirious New York: a Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan and OMA, S, M, L, XL

Where did Rem Koolhaas study?

At the Architectural Association School in London.

What were Rem Koolhaas's two key commissions

Prada stores, and The Educatorium in Utrecht, The Netherlands

Attributes of Japanese Architecture

Traditions in Wood and Timber, Paper screens as walls, tiles roofs, straw mats, and plaster finish

What is the Great Wall of China?

A barrier against enemies.

When did the construction of the Great Wall begin?

In 210 BCE.

How long is the Great Wall of China?

10,000 miles long.

What is the height range of the Great Wall?

15-30 feet tall.

What is the width range of the Great Wall?

15-25 feet wide.

What feature does the Great Wall have for defense?

Frequent watchtowers.

Chinese Architecture

Feng Shui: concept of orientation, harmony with nature, positive energy(chi)

What material is primarily used in traditional Chinese architecture?

Timber

What are important structures in Chinese architecture?

Palaces and temples

What is a characteristic feature of walls in Chinese architecture?

They are a modular, flexible system made of wood supports

Tatami

modular flooring mats 3 feet by 6 feet

What is a tea ceremony?

A ritual for preparing and drinking green tea according to strict rules.

Who typically participates in tea ceremonies?

Upper classes.

When are tea ceremonies typically held?

During special tea hours.

What is the environment like in a tea house?

No decorations, furnishings, or distractions.

Torii

large freestanding timber gateway

Shinto shrines

Shinto is Japan's native formal religion

Japanese Architecture

Harmony with nature, uses timber

Islam and Architecture

Mosques designed for communal prayer

Mosque

No figurative(people) art on the walls, art is based on flowers, geometric shapes, and Arabic script

What century was the Dome of the Rock built?

7th Century

Where is the Dome of the Rock located?

Jerusalem

What architectural style influenced the Dome of the Rock?

Byzantine architecture

What is the purpose of the Dome of the Rock?

Shrine for pilgrims

What is located at the center of the Dome of the Rock?

Sacred rock where Muhammad ascended to heaven

What is the shape of the Dome of the Rock?

Octagonal form

Mosque style

glazed tiles on all surfaces

Great Mosque of Samarra

Moorish Architecture

Muslims(Moors)came to Spain in the 8th C, looking to ancient Roman architecture

Mosque of Cordoba

1st Islamic structure in Europe

Architecture of India

various cultural influences, including those from Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims, and the British

What influence did foreign cultures have on Indian architecture?

Foreign cultures and different religions have been absorbed and transformed by Asian Indian architects.

Who made the earliest stone structures in India and when?

Buddhists made the earliest stone structures in the 3rd century BCE.

What architectural style did Hindus create in the 8th century?

Hindus created an ornate style carved in stone as if carved in wood and made in a pyramid style.

What architectural contributions did Muslims make in India between the 12th and 18th centuries?

Muslims had Islamic traditions with ornate palaces, mosques, and tombs.

What architectural style was influenced by Europeans in India during the 17th to 20th centuries?

The Victorian revival was influenced by Europeans, especially the British.

Taj Mahal

National Emblem of India

Rosemary Beach, Florida

Master plan by Duany Plater-Zybeck & Co. (DPZ)