Microbio lecture chapter 1

Fermentation

the conversion of sugars to ethanol and carbon dioxide

Pasteurization

Process that heats a solution just enough to kill most of the bacteria that cause spoilage

Germ theory of disease

Microorganisms cause disease

Koch’s postulates

The discovery of the bacterium that causes anthrax following a set of reproducible steps

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

created the first microscope.

Microscopes

used to see things too small to be observed with the naked eye.

Stains and dyes

adds color to aid in observation under the microscope

Growth media

provides nutrients for growing microbes.

Petri dishes

are frequently used to grow microbes in both liquid and solid media

Taxonomy

The classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms.

Phylogeny

The evolutionary relationships of all different species of organisms on earth.

Genus

always capitalized

Specific epithet

Never capitalized

Strain

Sub-type of a species of microbe, sometimes called serovars

Acellular pathogens

Not made of cells, cannot reproduce without a host cell (not considered living)

Viruses

inert chemicals outside of a host, contain DNA or RNA, never both, surrounded by protein coat

prions

Infectious proteins, only made of amino acids

Bacteria

divide by binary fission, cells made of peptidoglycan, no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles.

Archaea

Prokaryotes typically do not cause disease in humans, live in extreme environments

Algae

Eukaryotic, photosynthetic, can be single or multicellular, cell walls made of cellulose

Protozoa

eukaryotic, unicellular, motile

Fungi

Eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, most have cell walls, also include glucan

helminths (worms)

eukaryotic, multicellular, animal parasites, not strictly microscopic but are at some point in their life cycle.

Bacteriology

the study of bacteria

Mycology

the study of fungi

Parasitology

the study of protozoa and parasitic worms

Genomics

the study of an organism’s genes

Immunology

The study of immunity

Virology

the study of viruses