Separation Techniques and Atomic Structure Overview (CHEM)

What is the result of liquid evaporation?

leaving a crystalline solid behind.

In a solution, what is the solute and what is the solvent?

the solid (e.g., salt) ,the liquid it dissolves in.

What does chromatography separate substances based on?

solubility in a given solvent.

What is the purpose of a separating funnel?

separates liquids based on their density, forming layers if the liquids are immiscible.

What is a mixture?

two or more substances mixed together but not chemically bonded, and can be easily separated.

What is the process of filtration used for?

separate insoluble solids from liquids.

What are the terms 'residue' and 'filtrate' in the context of filtration?

the solid that doesn't pass through the filter paper, the liquid that passes through.

What does evaporation achieve in a mixture?

separates soluble solids from liquids

What is the structure of an atom?

The nucleus is at the center, with electrons orbiting in shells with fixed energy levels.

What did J.J. Thomson discover?

electrons.

What is Mendeleev known for?

the discovery of the periodic law, listing elements in order of atomic mass.

What is an isotope?

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons

Ions

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons

What is the relative charge and mass of a proton?

+1 and 1.

What is the relative charge and mass of an electron?

-1 and 1/1838.

What is the relative charge and mass of a neutron?

0 and 1.

What is distillation used for?

to separate miscible liquids with different boiling points or to separate soluble solids from liquids without losing the liquid.

What is the purpose of a fractionating column in distillation?

separating several liquids or two liquids with similar boiling points.

What is the role of a thermometer in distillation?

measures the temperature of the vapor to help identify the boiling point of the liquid being distilled.

What is the difference between residue and filtrate in filtration?

the solid left on the filter paper, the liquid that has passed through.

What happens to atoms in a mixture?

retain their individual properties and can be separated physically.