7.1 - Basic Structure of the Human Body
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49 Terms
Anatomy
the study of the body and its structure
Physiology
the study of how the body functions and works
Pathophysiology
the study of disease occurs and how the body processes a response
Congenital
acquired in the womb or at birth
Inherited
transmitted from parents to child genetically
Examples of congenital diseases
club foot, spina bifida, and cleft lip
Examples of inherited diseases
color blindness, cystic fibrosis, down syndrome
Infectious diseases
caused by a pathogenic organism such as a bacteria or virus
Examples of infectious disease
common cold, hepatitis, STIs
Degenerative disease
deterioration of the function or structure of the body’s tissues and organs
Examples of degenerative diseases
arteriosclerotic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and osteoarthritis.
Diagnosis
identifying the disease
Etiology
cause of the disease
Prognosis
refers to a prediction of the probable course
Idiopathic
cause of the disease is unknown
Iatrogenic
disease is causing a prescribed treatment
Homeostasis
constant state of natural balance within the body
Protoplasm/cell
basic substance of all life
Cells are made up of
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus (Cats Own Hats, Snakes Need Pants)
What is the function of a cell?
take in food and oxygen
produce heat and energy
move and adapt to their environment
The human body has how many cells?
trillions, different shapes and sizes
What is a cell membrane?
the barrier around the cell, allowing what comes in and out
What is a cytoplasm?
semifluid that exists inside a cell but outside the nucleus containing water, proteins, lipids, carbs, minerals, and salt (We Prefer Loud Cats Making Sounds)
What is the nucleus?
the “brain” or control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA).
What is the nucleolus?
inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes
What is the chromatin?
found in the nucleus, made up of DNA, RNA, and proteins, condenses chromosomes
How many chromosomes is in the human body?
46 chrom. or 23 pairs
What is the centrosome?
located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus, containing 2 centrioles
What is the mitochondria?
the “power house” of the cell, creates energy
What is the golgi apparatus?
produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the ER
What is the endoplasmic recticulum?
smooth or rough, tubular structures located in the cytoplasm, transporting material in and out of the nucleus
What are vacuoles?
pouches filled with watery substance, stored food, and waste
What are lysosomes?
oval or round bodies found throughout the cytoplasm containing digestive enzymes that digest and destroy old cells
What is pinocytic vesicle?
pocket like folds in the cell membrane that allows fat to enter
What is ribosomes?
found free in the cytoplasm and bound to the ER, as many as 10 million and produces proteins and forms amino acids
What is mitosis?
cell division - asexual
What is meiosis?
cell division - sexual
What is a blastocyst?
a hollow ball of cells forming after 5 to 6 days from fertilization