ANSC 1401 Crossland Exam 1

Which of the following has the highest annual growth rate when considering world distribution of animals.

Chickens

The International Agency concerned with communication of animal disease across trade partners is the FAO.

False

Compared to the rest of the world the U.S. consumes more animal sourced energy and protein.

True

Which country leads the world per capita for red meat and poultry production?

New Zealand

What type of meat is the most widely consumed in the world?

Pork

Which animal sources make up 96% of the worlds milk supply?

Buffalo

Which country is the largest producer of table eggs?

China

Match the term with the correct species.

Heifer, Doe, Wether, Steer

Bovine female, Caprine female, Caprine male, Bovine male

Heifer- Bovine female

Steer- Bovine male

Doe- Caprine female

Wether- Caprine male

Match the term with the correct species.

Ewe, Wether, Gilt, Barrow

Ovine female, Ovine male, Porcine female, porcine male

Ewe- Ovine female

Wether- Ovine male

Gilt- Porcine female

Barrow- Porcine male

Match the term with the correct species.

Pullet, Queen, Mare, Stallion

Galliformes, Feline, Equine female, Equine male

Pullet- Galliformes

Queen- Feline

Mare- Equine female

Stallion- Equine male

A virus is a single-celled organism

False

A disease agent is called an antigen

True

Vaccines are used as preventatives to build immunity to an antigen.

True

Which type of immunity is the first line of defense against an antigen?

Innate

Castration

Removal of male testes

Spaying

Removal of female ovaries

Docking

removal of the tail

Donor

Dam who's genetic offspring have been harvested

Recipient

Female who receives another dams genetic embryo

Clone

An individual grown from a single somatic cell of its parent producing a genetically identical offspring

Estrous

The entire reproductive cycle of the female

Estrus

The period of receptive mating activity in the female (aka "heat")

A female who is not yet cycling is in gestation

False

The term "open". can have either positive or negative meaning depending on producer goals

True

Which species has the highest gestation length?

Equine

Which species does not have a "gestation" length?

Galliformes

In large animal species, what is the correct presentation of the young during labor?

Anterior presentation

Colostrum contributes to passive immunity from the dam to the newborn offspring.

True

Only male livestock species have horns or scurs

False

Roughages/Forages are only fermentable by grazing animals

True

In a production operation, a female which fails to re-breed is ____. Choose all that apply.

Open, Culled

In which species is P.S.E. a concern?

Pale, Soft, Exudative

Porcine

The U.S. produces ______ of the world's pork

9%

A good productive sow will typically return to estrus within ____ days of weaning.

8

A pig is harvested at approximately 6 months old and ____ lbs.

270

A sow will be allowed to lactate for ____ days before her piglets are weaned

21

A sow will stay in estrus for ___ day(s)

2

Consists of a breeding herd which produces early-weaned pigs or feeder pigs

Farrow-Wean

Generally a farrow-to-finish model and often has their own seedstock production. Fewer owners, larger operations, specialization and contracting involved.

Integrated corporate production

Globally, the U.S. ranks ____ in pork production

3rd

Greater than 95% of pigs slaughtered in the U.S. are crossbred.

True

American Yorkshire

White, erect ears

American Landrace

White, drooping ear, extra vertebra (long bodied)

Chester White

White, drooping ears

Duroc

Reddish brown, drooping ears

Hampshire

Black with white belt around shoulders and forearms, erect ears

Berkshire

Black with white point, erect ears

Poland China

Black with white points, drooping ears

Spot

White with black spots, drooping ears

Pietrain

White with black/grey spots, erect ears, extra muscly

Originally, the most important product obtained from swine slaughter was Lard.

True

Primary objective is to provide the commercial swine industry with genetically superior, healthy breeding stock and emphasizing reproduction, growth performance and carcass composition.

Purebred/Seedstock

The ability of offspring to out perform the average of the two parent breeds is called ____.

Heterosis

The gestation length of a sow is 114 days

True

The number of swine operations has _____ over time and the size of swine operations has ______ over time.

decreased, increased

The red meat production of swine in the U.S. has more than______ since 1950.

Doubled

Typical birth weight of a pigs is____ lbs

2-3

Typical weaning weight range of a pig is ______lbs.

10-15

Where was the first pork-packing center in the United States?

Cincinnati, Ohio

Which city eventually became the primary shipping point (by rail) for terminal pigs?

Chicago, Illinois

Which crossbreeding system would maintain the highest (100%) heterosis in all offspring?

Simple terminal system

Which of the following is the most common swine crossbreeding system?

3-breed rotational system

Which state has the largest swine inventory?

Iowa

Who is credited for bringing the first pigs to North America?

Desoto

90% of broilers are raised in large integrated farms

True

About 60% of eggs produced in the US are sold as table eggs

True

Broilers are typically harvested at:

6 weeks

Egg quality is highly correlated with the size of the air cell

True

For production, 50% of turkey hens are artificially inseminated while the other 50% mate naturally

False

Leghorns are considered a meat breed

False

Egg breakout plants

This segment of the industry further processes eggs into edible products.

Processed meats plant

This segment of the industry further processes poultry into ready to eat meat products

Packing house

This segment of the industry processes and packages whole birds and bird parts for commercial retail and wholesale purposes.

Rendering plant

This segment of the industry uses the non-edible wastes from processing plants to make dog food or other animal feeds.

Market forecasters

This segment of the industry analyzes data to predict supply & demand for the future of the industry

Advertisers

This segment of the industry determines needs and wants of the consumer to aid in marketing products for sale

Public relations & education

This segment of the industry educates the public on benefits of poultry and how it can help them

Research & development

This segment of the industry collects data in effort to improve quality and efficiency within the industry

Hatcheries

This segment of the industry hatches eggs from breeder flocks to be sent to grow out farms.

Grow-out farms

This segment of the industry receives day old chicks to grow out until market age

Market egg producers

This segment of the industry produces only table eggs for market or break out purposes

Breeder flocks

This segment of the industry produces eggs to be sent to hatcheries to produce chicks or grow-out operations.

The Cornish is considered a meat breed

True

What company ranks #1 for turkey production?

Butterball

What has vertical integration of the poultry industry done for efficiency?

Centralized communication, Doubled feed efficiency, Cut time to market in half,

Doubled the weight of meat produced

Which company ranks #1 in broiler production?

Pilgrims's Pride Corp

Which state is ranked #1 in broiler production?

Georgia

Which state is ranked #1 in egg production?

Iowa

Which state is ranked #1 in turkey production?

Minnesota

Which of the following breeds could be used on the maternal side of mating for the purposes of making broiler chicks

-

Pullets will reach sexual maturity at _____ weeks.

16-18

The time that artificial lights are left on in the laying house should decrease from 16 hrs to 12 hrs by the time pullets reach 30 weeks old

False

According to Dr. Temple Grandin, which mechanism of technology related to loading turkeys for transport has greatly improved turkey loading efficiency and safety?

Loading conveyor belt

Milk products provide U.S. consumers with 22% of their protein intake.

True

Dairy cash receipts account for 21.6% of all animal agriculture cash receipts in the U.S.

True

The number of U.S. Dairy operations has increased in the last 50 years

False

Milk production efficiency (rate of milk production per cow) has increased in the last 50 years

True

Which of the following products are derived from the dairy industry?

Veal, Milk & milk by-products, Beef

Which state ranks #1 in milk production?

California

A dairy heifer will enter the production cycle and her first lactation at 2 years of age.

True