1/201
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
A Theory
A set of principles, supported by data, that explains some aspect of nature
Gene Theory
All organisms contain coded information that dictates form and function
Characteristic of living things
Can acquire materials and energy, Can respond to their environment, Evoluntionary adaptations, Regulation of internal environment
Taxonomy
Grouping of organisms according to relationship
All atoms of an electron have the same number of ?
Neutrons
An atom will form bonds with other atoms in order to ?
Completely fill its outermost electron shell
Function of membrane proteins
Channels, Enzymes, Junction, Receptor
Covalent Bond
Sharing of electrons between two atoms
The major component of the plasma membrane
Phospholipids
A molecule with a positive and negative end
Polar
Endocytosis
Moving particles into a cell
A solution with more OH- than H+
A base
A solution with more H+ than OH-
An acid
Organic molecules
Protein, Nucleic Acid, Lipid, Monosaccharide
Energy Molecule of the cell
ATP
Carbohydrates are made up of ?
Sugars
Types of Lipids
Fats, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Oils
Phospholipid
A molecule consisting of two fatty acids, glycerol, and a phosphate group
Osmosis
Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
The function of ribosomes is to synthesize ?
Proteins
Which organelle is responsible for folding proteins
The rough endoplasmic reticulum
The site of DNA storage in a eukaryotic cell is the ?
Nucleus
Cell theory
A cell is the basic unit of life, Nothing smaller than a cell is alive, All living things are made up of cells, New cells arise from preexisting cells
Chemical reactions that release energy are described as ?
Exergonic
The purpose of the plasma membrane is to ?
Control what goes in and out of the cell
The cytoskeleton of a cell is composed of ?
Protein filaments
What is the scientific name for humans ?
Homosapian
What is a polysaccharide
Starch, glycerol, chitin, cellulose
A small molecule that can be used repeatedly to make a large molecule is ?
Monomer
The tendency of water molecules to cling to other molecules is ?
Adhesion
The final 3D shape of a protein is ?
The tertiary structure of a protein
What affects the rate of enzyme activity ?
Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, presence of inhibitors
A hydrophobic molecule is ?
No polar and will not dissolve in water
A membrane protein that allows cells to attach to each other is ?
A junction protein
Potential energy is ?
Stored energy
Movement of particles across the cell membrane using cell energy is ?
Active Transport
The spot on an enzyme molecule where the substrate binds is the ?
Active Site
The bonds in the molecules of the food we eat represents ?
Chemical potential energy
Correct order for cellular respiration
Glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
The majority of ATP in cellular respiration is produced during ?
Electron Transport chain
What molecule is the main electron carrier for cellular respiration
NAD+
Humans require oxygen to ?
Serve as he final electron acceptor
What is the main product of glycolysis
Pyruvate
What happens to the NADH from the citric acid cycle
It enters the electron transport chain
Making sure DNA is not damaged describes?
G1 checkpoint
During the Calvin cycle, plants ?
Fix CO2 into RuBP
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the ?
Thylakoid membrane
A molecule losing electrons describes
An oxidation reaction
Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones describes
Catabolism
The first step of the citric acid cycle is ?
Combining acetyl-CoA with a 4 carbon sugar
DNA replication occurs during which stage of the cell cycle
S
A gamete is
A reproductive cell
Final preparations for division occur during which stage of the cell cycle
G2
When do homologues chromosomes separate during meiosis
Anaphase I
Which of the following id the correct order for mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase
What increases genetic diversity in sexual reproduction
Independent assortment, crossing over, recombination
Having more or fewer than normal number of chromosomes is called
Aneuploidy
What happens during metaphase of mitosis
Chromosomes line up along the equator
Uncontrolled cell division is ?
Cancer
How many chromosomes are in a diploid human cell
46
How many chromosomes are in a human haploid cell
23
What is the term for the alleles of an individual
Genotype
The genotype Yy is an example of
A heterozygous genotype
An alternative form of a gene is
An allele
If a disease is autosomal recessive, it is caused by
A gene on a chromosome other than X or Y
If A and a are dominant and recessive alleles of a gene, which genotype(s) would result in an individual with the dominant phenotype
AA and A
Many genes affecting one trait is called
Polygenic inheritance
A man who is heterozygous for Huntingtons disease (autosomal dominant) marries a woman who doesn’t have the disease? What percent of their children will have Huntingtons disease
50%
X-linked conditions are caused by
Genes on the X chromosome
The actual division of a cell into two cells is
Cytokinesis
What is the main product of the electron transport chain
ATP
What happens during anaphase of mitosis
Sister chromatids separate
What is the main product of the Calvin cycle
G3P
How many pairs of autosomal are present in human cells
22
Which of he following best describes the results of meiosis
Four genetically different haploid cells
What type of plants use CAM photosynthesis
Desert succulents
The process by which prokaryotes reproduce is called
Binary Fission
Two chromosomes of the same size and containing genes for the same traits are described as
Homologous
A mutation resulting in a chromosome portion missing is called
A deletion
What is a gene
A segment of DNA that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
Where does transcription occur
The nucleus
What is the complementary sequence for a segment of DNA with the sequence ACGGCT
TGCCGA
What molecules are produced in translation
Proteins
Which of the following is involved in both transcription and translation
Messenger RNA
Which of the following is the start codon for translation
AUG
What is a clone
An exact genetic copy of a gene, cell, or organism
What is a codon
Three bases in mRNA that code for an amino acid
What is used to cut DNA in generating recombination DNA
Restriction enzymes
What is the goal of PCR
Making many copies of the target DNA
Which of the following best describes translation
Amino acids added one at a time to make a protein
What is the goal of STR analysis
Identification
Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA
A double-stranded polymer of nucleotides formed into a helix
What is a mutation
A change in the DNA base sequence
How does the sequence of mRNA compare to the DNA of a gene
It is complementary
Movement of alleles into or out of of a population best describes
Migration
Natural Selection
Organisms become adapted,= to conditions as the environment changes, organisms compete for available resources, members of a population have inheritable variations, organisms within a population differ in terms of reproductive success
Speciation occurring with a geographic boundary is
Allopathic
Evidence which supports evolution can e found in studies of
Developmental biology, biochemical evidence, fossils, comparative anatomy
Which of the following is the most important force in shaping evolution
Natural selection
What affects gene expression
Chromatin structure, transcription factors, mRNA processing, Controlling when translation occurs