Sport Psychology

10: Peak performance

Define personality

The sum of the characteristics that make a person unique.

Define Social learning theory

Proposes that everyone has the capacity to learn without reinforcement.

Define Trait approach

Assumes that personality is stable and consistent across various situations.

Define Situation approach

Argues that behavior is largely determined by the situation or environment.

Define Interactionalist approach

Suggests that personality traits interact with situational factors to influence behavior.

Define Outcome goals

Goals that focus on the competitive result of an event, like winning a race.

Define Performance goals

Goals that focus on achieving standards or performance objectives independently of other competitors.

Define Process goals

Goals that focus on actions an individual must engage in during performance to execute well.

Define Motivation

The internal mechanism and external stimuli that arouse and direct behavior.

Define Extrinsic motivation

Motivation driven by external rewards such as awards, grades, or money.

Define Intrinsic motivation

Motivation driven by internal satisfaction, enjoyment, or interest in the activity.

Define Arousal

A blend of physiological and psychological activity, ranging from deep sleep to intense excitement.

Define Anxiety

A negative emotional state characterized by feelings of nervousness, worry, and apprehension.

Define Trait anxiety

A characteristic of a person; someone who is generally anxious about unknown outcomes.

Define State anxiety

Anxiety that arises in a specific situation, varying by individual and context.