Chpt 31

What John Quincy Adams doctrine will the US violate with their involvement in WWI?

Monroe Doctrine

How did the United States violate this doctrine?

We promised not to intervene in European affairs

What were the twin goals for WWI from Woodrow Wilson?

A war to end war. 2. To make the world safe for democracy.

What was Wilson’s plan for post-war peace which he delivered in January of 1918 to US Congress?

Fourteen Point Speech

What were the first 5 points of Wilson’s speech?

Proposed to abolish secret treaties, 2. Freedom of the seas, 3. Removal of economic barriers among nations (tariffs), 4.Reduction of armament burdens consistent with domestic safety, 5. An adjustment of colonial claims in the interests of both native peoples and the colonizers.

What did points 6 – 13 discuss?

They address “self-determination” of countries, but only for European nations.

What did the 14th point discuss?

He wanted to create a League of Nations (international organization to govern global security)

What memorable song by George M. Cohan would be created to describe the Americans arriving in Europe to fight during WWI?

“Over There”

What were some examples of people in the United States going “war mad”?

Some Germans were tarred, feathered, beaten and one was killed (and it was called patriotic murder).

How were names changed for Sauerkraut and hamburger to make them more patriotic?

Liberty cabbage and Liberty steak

What breweries were thought to be questionable during WWI?

Schlitz, Pabst and Budweiser

This Socialist leader will be arrested in 1919 because he was in violation of the Espionage Act of 1917 and actually ran for POTUS from jail.

Eugene V. Debs

What did the Espionage Act prevent?

Anti-American speech and press.

What was the IWW?

Industrial Workers of the World—A radical socialist labor union also known as the wobblies”

What precedent was established in the SCOTUS case Schenck v. United States (1919)?

Freedom of speech could be revoked when such speech posed a “clear and present danger” to the nation or other people. Yelling fire in a crowded theater is the example Oliver Wendell Holmes gave that is unconstitutional.

What had to be instituted in 1917 to help solve our shortage of military men?

Selective Service Act

How many men were registered from the draft?

24 million

How many US men lost their lives in WWI?

116,516

What was the responsibility of the War Industries Board and the Railway and Food Administration?

Regulate and mobilize the US economy for war

This labor union and its leader helped support American goals during WWI?

American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers

What industry will have the greatest strike in American history in 1919?

Steel industry

How will the strike be broken?

They bring in 30,000 African-American workers to replace striking workers.

What name is given for the movement of African-American workers north during WWI?

Great Migration

How did WWI present an opportunity for Women and Blacks?

They both felt that fighting for democracy would bring more democracy to both groups.

What Constitutional Amendment will be passed in 1920 granting Women’s suffrage?

19th

Why were “victory gardens” created?

To help grow your own food which would allow for food to be used for the soldiers.

What Amendment will be passed in 1919 making the WCTU and the anti-Salon League happy?

18th

How did the United States finance WWI?

Bonds, 16th Amendment, Corporate Taxes.

What is meant by the term conscription?

Draft

What was different about the Selective Service Act of 1917 versus the one issued during the Civil War?

You couldn’t buy your way out of service.

What is a conscientious objector and how many were there during WWI?

Someone who says that their religion or beliefs prevent them from killing. 4,000

What did many African-Americans serve as during WWI? Why?

Cooks and service personal. They were not trusted being trained with guns, they might turn them on their white counter parts.

How did the US contribute to the Allied victory in 1918?

Foodstuffs, munitions, credits, oil for this first mechanized war, and man-power.

What was the name of the treaty which was signed in June 1919 formally ending WWI?

Treaty of Versailles

Who were know as the “Big Four” at the Paris Peace Conference?

Orlando from Italy, Prime Minister David Lloyd George from Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France and Wilson from US.

Which US governmental body is responsible for ratifying treaties?

U.S. Senate

Why did Wilson not favor Asian, African and Middle Eastern self-determination?

Thought it only applied to European nations

Why was the League of Nations a failure as an international peace keeping force after WWI?

The United States never joined (Senate didn’t ratify the treaty)

Who was the new chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations that didn’t support the Treaty of Versailles?

Henry Cabot Lodge

What caused Wilson to fail to get the US Senate to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

While on the railroad tour he had a massive stroke and his wife and cabinet took over the presidency for the remainder of his presidency.

Why were Senator Lodge and other critics alarmed by Article X of the League of Nations?

It said that we were morally bound to aid any member victimized by external aggression—another form of system of alliances.

Who will be the Republican nominee for President of the US in 1920—eventual winner?

Warren G. Harding

Who was elected VP in the election of 1920?

Calvin Coolidge

What campaign slogan will Harding use to get elected in 1920?

A return to “normalcy”