HSM (HUMAN MOVEMENT STUDIES) NOTES

Notes to remember for class so you don't fall and look stupid :) you'er welcome.

acclimatisation

The process of the body adjusting to changes in its environment.

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

a high-energy compound that stores and transfers energy to body cells, allowing them to perform their specialised functions, such as muscle contraction.

anaemia

a medical term to describe a low red blood cell count

angina

chest pain that occurs when the heart has an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood

arteries

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

atherosclerosis

the build-up of fatty and/or fibrous material on the interior walls of arteries

capillaries

the smallest of all blood vessels; they function to exchange oxygen and nutrients for waste involuntary muscle responsible for keeping the heart beating

circulatory or cardiovascular system

a network that carries blood with oxygen and nutrients to the body and collects waste products. It includes the heart, arteries, veins, and blood itself.

digestive tract

the organs that food and liquids travel through when they are swallowed, digested and absorbed, until they leave the body as faeces.

expiration

air movement from the lungs to the atmosphere; breathing out.

fast-twitch muscle fibres & slow-twitch fibers

They contract quickly and are used for fast, explosive activities. They are called "white" because they have less blood supply

"Red fibres," are muscles that are great for endurance. They contract slowly but can work for long periods without getting tired. They have lots of mitochondria and blood vessels, helping them use oxygen well to produce energy.

freely movable or synovial joint

a joint that allows maximum movement. Most joints in the body are synovial joints; for example, the hip joint.

glucose

It is broken down from stored glycogen in the muscles and liver, then transported through the blood to provide energy for muscles during exercise.

haemoglobin

oxygen-carrying component of the blood

homeostasis

It is the body's ability to maintain a stable in internal environment and balancing things like temperature, pH, and other factors to keep everything functioning properly.

hormone

are chemical substances produced in the body that help regulate the activity of specific cells or organs.

immovable or fibrous joint

a joint in which no movement is possible. Examples include the bones of the cranium, which are fused in lines called sutures.

inspiration

air movement from the atmosphere into the lungs; breathing in

iron deficiency

a lack of iron in the body reducing haemoglobin production in the blood

isometric contraction

occurs when muscle fibres are activated and develop force but muscle length does not change; that is, movement does not occur

isotonic concentric contraction

the most common type of muscular contraction; the muscle shortens, causing movement at the joint

isotonic eccentric contraction

occurs when the muscle lengthens while under tension; often happens with the assistance of gravity

antagoist

the muscle that relaxes to help the agonist to work it also help with control.

agonist

the prime mover of the muscle cautioning major movments

Front bones

Back bones

Front muscles

Back muscles

Joints #SECTION2

ball&socket joint

freely moveable joints around the hip

hinge joint

can move one way but not the other around the knee and elbow

gliding joint

movement against each other, where the wrist rotates

pivot joint

movement movment of the head as a rotation

condyloid joint

flexion and extension around the wrist rotations

saddle joint

flexion and extension where the hand is with no rotation

macronutrients

the main nutrients needed by the human body; these include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

micronutrients

one of the major groups of nutrients needed by the body for energy production

plasma

a straw-coloured liquid component of blood, consisting mainly of water (about 90 per cent)

platelets

are small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding.

pulmonary circulation

the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

respiration

the process by which the body takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

slightly movable or cartilaginous joint

a joint that permits limited movement.