IV Fluids and Body Fluid Compartments

Flashcards about intravenous fluids, their effects, and body fluid compartments.

Hypertonic Solutions

Solutions with more salt and less water, causing cells to shrink as water leaves.

Isotonic Solutions

Solutions with the same osmolality as body fluids, expanding intravascular fluid volume.

Hypotonic Solutions

Solutions with less salt and more water, causing cells to swell as water enters.

Examples of Hypertonic Solutions

3% Saline, 5% Saline, 5% Dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS), 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline (D5 ½ NS), 5% dextrose in LR (D5LR), 10% dextrose in water (D10W)

Examples of Isotonic Solutions

0. 9% Sodium chloride/normal saline (NS), Lactated Ringer's (LR), 5% Dextrose in water (D5W)*, This is the only solution compatible with blood or blood products

Examples of Hypotonic Solutions

5% dextrose in water (D5W)*, 0.45% Saline (1/2 NS), 0.33% Saline (1/3 NS), 0.225% Saline (1/4 NS)

Uses of Hypertonic solutions

Used for cerebral edema, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis, maintenance fluid, and hypovolemia.

Uses of Isotonic Solutions

Used for blood loss, dehydration, fluid maintenance, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Uses of Hypotonic Solutions

Used for helping kidneys excrete fluids and hypernatremia.

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Fluid inside the cell.

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Fluid outside the cell, including interstitial and intravascular fluid.

Interstitial Fluid (ISF)

Fluid that surrounds the cells in the tissues.

Intravascular (IV) Fluid

Plasma/fluid in the blood vessels.

Diffusion

The movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmosis

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a lower solute concentration to a higher solute concentration.

Sodium and Water Relationship

If sodium shifts into the cell (intracellular space), water will follow and leave the extracellular space (the vessel).

5% Dextrose in Water (D5W)

starts as ISOTONIC and then changes to HYPOTONIC when the dextrose is metabolized